Volume 1

On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag.

  • Sonntag, Charles F. (Charles Frederick), -1925
Date:
1923
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    lower two cervical and upper four dorsal vertebrae, and is inserted into the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae. The lower oblique portion runs from the first four thoracic to the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. And the upper oblique part runs from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae to the anterior arch of the atlas. The rectus capitis anticus major runs from the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae to the basi- occiput. It receives a well-marked slip from the scalenus anticus. The rectus capitis anticus minor and rectus capitis lateralis are as in Man. It is, therefore, evident that the facial muscles, the muscles of the back, the scaleni, and the prevertebral muscles are relatively stronger and more intimately united than in Man. This must necessarily make the muscular movements less numerous and not so fine as in him. The muscles forming the suboccipital triangle are crushed together. Muscles of the Pectoral Extremity. The pectoralis major, which is less powerful than in Man, consists of clavicular, costo- sternal, and abdominal parts. The clavicular part consists of superficial and deep portions. The former arises from the inner half of the front of the clavicle and the outer side of the tendon of the sterno-mastoid; the latter springs from the inner part of the lower surface of the clavicle and fuses with the former, and with the deep surface of the costo- sternal part. The costo-sternal portion arises from the whole length of the body of the sternum and the first six costal cartilages; it fuses with both the external oblique and the abdo- minal part of the pectoralis major at the lower borders of the fifth and. sixth costal cartilages. The abdominal part fuses with the external oblique as far as the linea semilunaris; it also gets origins from the lower borders of the fifth, sixth, and seventh costal cartilages. The abdominal portion joins the deep surface of the sternal portion to form a muscle which joins the deep surface of the clavicular part. The combined muscle has a musculo-aponeurotic insertion into the inner border of the pec- toral crest, the lower part of the capsule of the shoulder joint and the deep fascia of the arm. It is never fused with the deltoid. I agree with Champneys (11) and Macalister (33) that there is no actual separation between the clavicular and costo-sternal parts such as occurs in Man. Champneys records a special slip arising from the fourth and fifth cartilages, but that is not the case in my specimen. The delto-pectoral triangle contains the external anterior thoracic nerve, thoracic axis vessels, and tendon of the pectoralis minor. It has no lymphatic glands nor the cephalic vein, which are present in Man. Bland-Sutton (4) states that the groove between the pectoralis major and deltoid is absent. [22]
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