Volume 1

On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag.

  • Sonntag, Charles F. (Charles Frederick), -1925
Date:
1923
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    outwards for an inch into the upper end of the insertion of the adductor brevis. The obturator externus (text-fig. 36, Obt.Ext) arises by two heads. The large head arises from the inferior ramus of the pubis between the obturator foramen and'the origins of the ad- ductor magnus, and from the obturator fascia. The small head arises from the horizontal ramus of the *pubis between the obturator canal and origin of the lateral head of the adductor brevis. The two heads unite, and the tendon is inserted into the trochanteric pit and capsule of the hip joint. There is greater connection between these muscles, and the capsule of the hip joint is considerable. The rectus femoris arises by two heads which, however, are not very distinctly separate. The straight head arises from the anterior aspect of the ilium between the anterior inferior spine and the acetabulum. The refiected head forms an arch over the whole of the upper part of the acetabulum, and the upper fibres are connected by a dense aponeurosis with the iliacus. The vastus externus arises from a small area on the antero-lateral aspect of the great trochanter below the insertion of the scan- sorius, whose tendon it splits. The origin is continued down on the back of the femur, anterior to and continuous with the gluteus maximus, to an inch above the external condyle. A small part, arising from the anterior part of the bone below the great trochanter, is at first separated from the main mass by the gluteus minimus. And an additional slender belly springs from the upper end of the intertrochanteric line. The vastus internus arises from the intertrochanteric line except its extreme upper end. And it springs from the back of the femur down to a point an inch above the internal condyle. The crureus arises from the upper two-thirds of the surface of the femur between the two vasti. The quadriceps extensor tendon is wide and receives the muscles an inch above the patella. It is attached to the upper border of the patella, the capsule of the joint on either side of it, the internal condyle of the tibia, and the outer femoral and tibial condyles. The ligamentum patellae is inserted into the front of the upper end of the tibia. No suberureus is present. Tibialis Anticus :—Macalister (33), Hepburn (24), Champneys an, and others have described double origins and insertions. The insertions are into the entocuneiform and first metatarsal. Wilder (53) points out that the double insertion is in accord with the use of the hallux as a thumb. In this animal the origin is from the outer aspect of the outer condyle and the upper half of the outer aspect to the tibia, from the middle third of the delicate interosseous membrane, from the fascia between it and the extensor longus digitorum, and from the fascia over it. The lateral superficial fibres form the superficial belly of the muscle, which is inserted into the base of the first metatarsal bone. The other fibres form the deep belly, which runs to the internal cuneiform (text-fig* 36 B). The superficial belly has a mucous [36]
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