Volume 1
On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag.
- Sonntag, Charles F. (Charles Frederick), -1925
- Date:
- 1923
Licence: In copyright
Credit: On the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the chimpanzee / by Charles F. Sonntag. Source: Wellcome Collection.
54/118 page 374
![Intestinal Tract. The duodenum begins opposite the first lumbar vertebra, and it is throughout entirely behind the peritoneum. It is divided as in Man into horizontal, descending and ascending parts which measure 1-b, 2, and 2j> inches long respectively. There is a well- marked duodeno-jejunal flexure at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. The common bile-duct and pancreatic ducts have a common opening in the descending part, but there is no papilla. ]STo valvuke conniventes are present, and the villi are small. The ileum and jejunum are 11 feet 5 inches long. Their villi are small. At intervals there are groups of small longitudinal folds of the mucosa. Four Peyer’s patches are present at wide intervals in the lower half of the ileum ; the lowest, which is also the largest, is 2 inches long and | inch broad. The vermiform appendix is inches long, and the caecum is 3 inches. No appendix valve is present, but the ileo-csecal orifice is guarded by a shelf valve. The colon is 4 feet long. It is sacculated as usual by two longitudinal muscle bands, and there are many appendices epi- ploicae. No Peyer’s patches are present. The most capacious part is the sigmoid colon. The rectum and anal canal are 5| inches long. In the rectum there are eight circular folds, of which the fifth is very promi- nent, and below it there is a deep pocket on the left side. The anal canal shows numerous strongly-developed vertical folds of mucosa, representing the columns of Morgagni, but there are no traces of the valves of Ball. The entire rectum and anal canal form a straight tube without any trace of the flexures present in Man. Herrmann (74) has described the anal mucosa in detail. The Peritoneum. The great omentum is heavily laden with fat and reaches the symphysis pubis. All four layers are fused and can only be separated at the stomach and transverse colon. The anterior layers are attached to the greater gastric curvature, the first part of the duodenum and spleen, and bands connect it to the lateial abdominal parietes. Between the layers are the usual vessels and lymphatic glands. The lesser omentum is attached as in Man, and the foramen of Winslow is large. It is bulged forwards above the stomach. Between its layers are numerous vessels, sympathetic nerves and lymphatic glands. No gastro-pancreatic folds are present. The gastro-phrenic, gastro-splenic and lieno-renal ligaments are well-marked, A peritoneal ligament connects the lower pole of the spleen to the transverse colon, and a small accessory spleen is connected to the colon at the same point. A well-marked ligament connects the pylorus to the right ribs, but no suspensory duodenal muscle exists. [52]](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2982123x_0001_0054.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
