Empyema and its allies, considered historically / by Charles J. MacAlister.

  • MacAlister, Charles John.
Date:
1896
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Empyema and its allies, considered historically / by Charles J. MacAlister. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    51 Si’RENGEL.— Hist, de la Med., Tom. ix. p. 40. 82 Ibid., p. 58. ^ 83 Traiti des Maladies Chirurgicalcs et des Operations qui leur conviennent par Chopart et Desault.—Des maladies de la poitrine, p. 71, “ La ponction alors conseillee est daugereuse et souvent insuffisantc, l’operation de l’Empyeme tonjours preferable. ” 84 Quoted from Journal de Midedne, vol. xlvii., 1777, by Spreugel. Hist, de la Med., Tom. ix. p. 65. 88 G. Van Swieten.—Comment, in Boerhaave, Aph., vol. 1, § 304 : Thoracis Vulnera, “ Delecti vulneris labia digitis adducuntur, ut nullus aer ingredi possit. Deiude jeger lenta et profunda inspirationc magnam copiam aeris hauriat, illum- ipie retiueat in pulmone, quamdiu hoc commode facere poterit, aer ille sic retentus calorc rarefactus expandet pulmonem et comprimetur aer inter pleuram et pulmonem haereus. Si tunc antequam exspiret seger, deducantur vulneris labia, pars magna aeris, contenti in cavo thoracis, expremetur. Statim iterum claudenda vulneris labia, et bene exspiret te.ger, non prius. Durn hoc repetitur aliquoties, omnis omnino aer en pectoris cavo expelletur, et sentiet vulneratus statim, se longe commodius respirare. Omni aere sic expulso, subito vulneri applicatur tenax emplastrum illo tempore, dum mger inspiratum aerem in ■pulmoue retinet, tunc enim pulmo distentus, pleime contiguus, obturabit viam aere per vulnus ingressuro,” &c. &c. 86 Memoir de VAcademic de Chirurg., 1819, Tom. ii. p. 386.—Morand sur une hydropisie de poitrine guerie par operation. “ Je oonclus de cette remarque qu’il est necessaire de ne point evacuer a la fois toute l’eau epancliee, et qu’il seroit peutetre plus prudent de ne faire l’overture de la poitrine en forme, qu’apres une ou deux ponctions, pour pennettre au poumon un expansion douce et graduee. ” 87 Inquiry into the Present State of Surgery, 2nd ed., Loud., 1750. 88 Cases in Surgery, 2nd ed., Lond., 1754. 89 The Operations in Surgery of Mons. Le Dran, translated by Thomas Gatakrr, Surgeon, Lond., 1749, p. 310. 60 Vid. Cooper's Surgical Dictionary, 1825, p. 434. 61 Another observation of this author is worthy of mention.—Recognising that in cases of empyema the thoracic organs are in a debilitated condition, he con- sidered that the entrance of air after operation was likely to be rather beneficial than otherwise, and that, on account of its tonic effect, it would stimulate the absorbent power of the pleura, and hasten the production of these organic adhesions between the visceral and parietal surfaces, by means of which nature, in fortunate cases, obliterated the empyemal cavity. This recommendation was not favourabty received or commented upon by subsequent authorities, who, although admitting the impossibility of absolutely preventing the entrance of air, were of opinion that it was very irritating, that its access should be as limited as possible, and that what did find its way into the chest cavity should be modified as regards temperature and humidity. Audouard named this ingress and egress of air—which took place during the early days after operation—on account of its resembling a respiration, “respiration illegitime.”—Audouaru, De L’Empyeme, Paris, 1808, vid. Trousseau, Syd. Soc., vol. iii. p. 207. 62 Me moires de chirurgie Militaire et Campagnes, Tom. iii., 1812, p. 447 et seq. 63 Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, article “ Empyema.” 64 Cooper’s Surgical Diet., 1825. 68 Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicates, Paris, 1815, Tom. xii. p. 58. w Ibid., p, 58, quoted from “Memoire sur une operation d’Empyeme de pus,” par M. Freteau, Journal gineral de Mid., Tom. xlvii. 87 Clin. Led. (Syd. Soc.), vol. iii. p. 192. Townsend described intercostal fluctuation as a sign of Empyema (1833). See also Hey, 1803. m Mimoire sur la vression abdominale compares avec la percussion thoradque, M. Roux, ouvres de Desault, Tom. ii., Paris, 1813. «9 “De ]a percussion mediate et des sigues obtenus a l’aide de ce nouveau moyen d’exploration dans les maladies des organes thoraciques et abdominaux,” 1828. 70 A treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and on Mediate Auscultation, by R. T. H. Leannec. Trans, by John Forbes, 1829 (1816-18 = date written). '* Pleuritic friction was not observed bv Leannec. 1 829. It was described by Reynaud,