Butterflies and moths (British) / by W. Furneaux.

  • Furneaux, William S.
Date:
1894
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Butterflies and moths (British) / by W. Furneaux. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    60/408 (page 38)
    we can discern the outline of a pair of small wings, and see a proboscis and a pair of long antennas. Also the six long legs ol the future butterfly can be traced with care. The abdomen is conical in form, coming to a sharp point at the end. and its segments are quite distinct. No stranger to the metamorphoses of insects would connect the present form with that of a caterpillar; they are so very unlike. And yet the time occupied in the whole change, from the spinning of the carpet, does not occupy more than about thirty or thirty-five hours. The apparent suddenness of this change is really surprising, but in reality the transformation is not nearly so sudden as it appears. Dissection of a caterpillar a few days before the final moult is due will show that the changes are already going on. In fact, a simple removal of the skin will prove that the organs of the future butterfly are developing. Still, in proportion to the short time occupied, the change is extremely great; and it may reason- ably be inquired, Why so great a change within so short a space of time ?—why is not the change continued steadily and equally through the larval existence ? The reason has already been hinted at. Caterpillars are living eating machines, whose office is to remove excess of vegetable matter. Consequently they must have their jaws and bulky digestive apparatus in full development to the end. If these organs were to gradually disappear as the caterpillai reaches its non-eating stages, it would simply be starved to death. So the change from the larval to the pupal state, which we may regard as the final moult of the caterpillar, is a far greater change than any of the preceding ones, and occupies a proportionately longer time, although it is principally confined to the last few days of the caterpillar life. A number of caterpillars, and especially those of the butterflies, suspend themselves when about to change ; and the peculiarities of the modes adopted must be left for our descriptions of species in a future chapter; but we null find room here for one more interesting example, taking this time the larva of one of the commonest of the Vanessas (page 166)—the Small Tortoiseshell Butterfly. The caterpillars of this insect are gregarious when young; and if ever you meet with one, you are almost sure to be able to obtain a hundred or so without much searching. But as they grow older they feed singly, yet generally without straying very far from their birthplace.