Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Vaccine and vaccination / by George Dock. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University.
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![though the protection afforded by one good vesicle has always £n°] been recognized, there is some reason for believing that pro- tection is in proportion to the area of typical scar. Bovine Virus. The growing realization of the inconveniences of human- ized virus gradually led to the development of another method, but there were other reasons besides the technical ones. In the 60's the fear of transmitting syphilis by vac- cination became intensified, and although investigation showed that the risk was slight, considering the large number of people vaccinated, it also proved that the danger was real. The possibility of transmitting tuberculosis was also sug- [ui] gested by the work of Villemin, and was for a time much ex- aggerated. So attention was directed more and more to the use of bovine virus, that is, material raised purposely on the animal. In this way it was thought that the danger of set- ting up syphilis and tuberculosis could be avoided, and al- though the fear of transmitting inflammatory diseases was not absent, it did not retard the movement. In fact, then as now, there were some who thought that severe local reac- tions were desirable. The use of bovine vaccine goes back directly to Negri, who cultivated virus on animals, in Naples, from 1842. It is said that the same method was begun in Naples early in the century, but prohibited by law. Negri's method and material were introduced in Paris in 1864, by Lanoix, who, however, adopted cow-pox virus from the celebrated spontaneous case discovered at Beaugency, France, in 1866. The method spread rapidly. It was introduced in Brussels in 1865, by Warlomont, and in Berlin, in the same year, by Pissin, and soon afterwards in Vienna. In 1870, Dr. Henry A. Martin, of Boston, an indefatigable investigator and cultivator of vaccine, imported some of the Paris material, just before the strain died out during the siege. For some time after bovine virus came into use, the method of preservation was chiefly that of coating ivory slips with virus obtained by puncturing vesicles, the bases of which were compressed by forceps. Scabs were also used. On the continent of Europe a popular](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21027031_0007.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
