Handbook on contagious and infectious diseases in animals / issued by the Quartermaster General's Branch, General Headquarters, India.
- Date:
- [1944?]
Licence: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Credit: Handbook on contagious and infectious diseases in animals / issued by the Quartermaster General's Branch, General Headquarters, India. Source: Wellcome Collection.
96/314 page 90
![The microscopical characters of the lesions are what would be expected and there is no need to go into detail. ‘The changes in the parenchyma ot the lung are evidently secondary to those in the con- nective tissue and the pneumonia is of the croupous variety. Diagnosis is not always easy at the outset, since the clinical symptoms are simply those of pleuropneumonia. However, as in a herd, it would be exceptional to get an ijsolated acute case, the diagnosis is rendered easier. If several cases of pneumonia occurred | in a herd in an area in which contagious pleuropneumonlja was en- demic, one’s suspicions would be immediately aroused. A positive diagnosis can only be made by post-mortem examination, and it would probably be advisable to destroy one of the worst affected animals for this purpose, to enable preventive measures to be adopted at the earnest possible moment. Given an outbreak of the disease, there are no other diseases with which it could be easily mistaken. An isolated case might be mistaken for such diseases as tuberculosis, traumatic pericarditis, or sporadic: pneumonia. How to deal with an outbreak.. immunisation.—The oldest method of immunisation and one still largely practised in countries where the disease is endemic is Willem’s method. The material used for vaccination is the tresh lymph from the lungs of an animal just dead of the disease or one that has been killed at the height of attack. The lymph should be extracted from portions of the lungs shewing characteristic hepatisation and marbling and not from necrotic area. This is done by incising deeply, when the clear amber coloured lymph rapidly exudes and is collected in a sterile vessel... This lymph should be used immediately and 2 or 3 drops are introduced under the skin near the tip of the tail, This may be done by means of a strong hollow necdle or by pass- ing a piece of narrow tape soaked in the lymph under the skin or by means of a syringe. The reaction takes place in ‘from 6 to 90 days, and a few days after its subsidence the animal is immune to experimental infection with either lung lymph or pure culture. Occasionally accidents happen as the result of inoculation. Gan- grene of the tail may be set up and the tai] may dronv off as the result. If the inflammation extends forward a fatal result may ensue. Lymph that is not required for immediate use may he preserved by the addition of one volume of glycerine and one volume of 5 per cent. phenol to two volumes of fresh lymph. Such lymph remains active for 2 or 3 months. Another method of vaccina‘ion is Pasteurs. In this method the lymph is obtained. by inoculating a ealf 4 to 6 months old with virvlent Iwmph in some recion where there is plenty of loose subcutaneous tissue, ¢e.7.. behind the noint of the elbow. This causes a, large swelling as the result of infiltra- tion with lwmph.. The sweiline, when at its maximum, is incised, and the lymph is collected and used in exactly the rame way as in Willem’s method. It is said not to give such a strong immunity](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b32173519_0096.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
