Volume 1

A dictionary of practical surgery / [Samuel Cooper].

  • Samuel Cooper
Date:
1825
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A dictionary of practical surgery / [Samuel Cooper]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    27/1282 (page 15)
    dilatation with a scalpel, extracted from the rec- tum an alvine concretion, which weighed two ounces and a half, and was of an oval form, its greatest diameter being two inches eight lines, and its smaller one inch seven lines. (See Mém. de ? Acad. de Chir.) A. Petermann, Scrutinium Icteri ex calculis vesicule Fellis, occasione casus cujusdam singu- laris. Lips. 1696. Alb. Haller, De Calculis Felleis frequentioribus Observationes, 4to. Gott. 1749. 7. Coe, A Treatise on Biliary Concre- tions, vo. Lond. 1757. Imbert, De Variis Calculorum biliarium Speciebus, &c. Ato. Monsp. 1758. De Vries, Diss. de Calculo biliario, et sectione fellece vesicule, 4to. Traj. ad Rhen. 1759. Walther de Concrementis Terrestribus in variis partibus corporis humani repertis. Fol. Acrol. 1775: the most valuable work on the sub- ject at this period. Hochstetier, De Cholelithis Humanis,4to. Tub. 1763. Vicg @ Azyr, Hist. de la Société royale de Méd.1779. A valuadle production, particularly with reference to the kinds of crystallization, observable in hepatic and intestinal calculi. Durande, Mémoire sur les pierres biliaires, et sur Vefficacité du mélange @éther vitriolique et desprit de térébinthine dans le colique hépatique produite par ces concrétions, vol. 1 des Mém. de Acad. de Dyon, 8vo. p. 199, an. 1783. S. T. Soemmer- ing, De Concrementis biliariis Corporis hu- mant, 8v0. Traj. ad Rhen. 1795. B. Brunie, Essai sur les Calculs biliaires, 4to. Paris, 1803. Fourcroy, Mém. de V Acad. des Sciences, 1789. et Syst. des Connoissances Chim. T. 10, p. 93—60. Dr. Bostock, in Nicholson’s Journal, Pol. 4. p. 137. Marcet’s Chemical History and Medical Trcatment of Calculous Disorders, 8v0. Lond. 1817. J. F. Meckel, Handbuch der Pathol. Anat. B. 2, p. 455, ge. Leipz. 1818. P. Rubini, Pensieri sulla varia Origine € Natura de Corpi calcolosi che vengono talvolta espulst dal Tubo Gastrico Memoria, 4to. Ve- ronda, 1808. James Kennedy, An Account of a Morbid Concretion discharged from the Rectum of the Human Female, and in its Chemical Cha- racters closely resembling Ambergris; with Flistorical Remarks : see Medico-Chir. Jou rnal, Vol, 4, p. 177, &c. 1817. This paper contains a Sood deal of useful matter, deserving the notice of every body wishing to investigate the history and nature of alvine concretions. Monro’s Morbid Anatomy of the Human Gullet, Sto- mach, and Intestines, 8v0. Edinb. 1811. The account of alvine concretions in this work is one uf the best and most comprehensive. Dict. des Sciences Med. art. Bezoard, et Calculs Biliaires, Nothing of much consequence in either of these articles. Moscovius, Diss. de Calculorum Ani- malium eorumque imprimis biliosorum origine et natura. Berol. 1812. Cases in Surgery, by C. White, 8vo. Lond. 1770, p. 17. Philos. Trans. abridged, vol. 5. p. 256, et seq. Edinb. Med. Essays and Obs. vol. 1. p. 301. Ibid. vol. 5. p. 431. Essays Phys. and Literary, vol. 2. p. 345. Leigh’s Natural History of Lan- cashire, plate \. fig. 4. W. Hey’s Practical Obs. in Surgery, p. 507. ed. 2 Richerand, Nosographie Chirurgicale, t. 3. p. 433. ed. 4, Thomas, in Med. Chir. Transactions, vol. 6. Pp. 98. T. Brayne, An Account of Two Cases of Biliary Calculi of extraordinary dimensions : 15 Med. Chir, Trans. vol. 12: Ure’s Chemical Dict. articles, Intestinal Concretions, and Gall= stones. AMAUROSIS (from onavpow, to obscure). Gutta serena. Suffusio nigra. Fr. L?Amau- rosé; Germ. Schwarzer Staar. According to Beer, the term amaurosis properly means that diminution or total loss of sight, which immediate- ly depends upon a morbid state of the retina and optic nerve, whether this morbid state exist as the only defect, or be complicated with other mis- chief; whether it be a primary affection, or a se- condary one, induced by previous disease of other parts of the eye. Or, we may say with a critical writer, that the term amaurosis designates all affections of the nerves of vision, which produce either complete or partial loss of sight, whether this arise from obvious: or inferred organic dis- ease, or from a diminution, or loss of sensibility in the eye, which cannot be traced to change of structure, or any other evident cause. (See Journ. of Foreign Med. and Surgery, vol. 4. p- 166.) From these definitions, which comprehend every form of amaurosis, it is evident, that this affection does not uniformly take place as a single inde- pendent disorder ; but, not unfrequently, presents itself as a symptomatic eflect of some other dis- ease of the eye: a fact, exemplified in cases of hydrophthalmia, cirsophthalmia, glaucoma, &e. And, as Mr. Wardrop observes, amaurosis, in its usual acceptation, signifies a symptom of dis- ease, as well as a distinct affection. (Essays on the Morbid dnatomy of the Human Eye, vol. 2. p. 165. 8vo. Lond. 1818.) With respect to the mere name of the kind of disease, here im- plied by amaurosis, its correctness will remain the same, whether the iris be moveable or im- moveable; whether the pupil be preternaturally enlarged, or contracted; and whether it be per- fectly clear and transparent, or more or less tur- bid; for the name only refers to the morbid state of the retina and optic nerve, and not to the con- dition of the sight in general. When the long established name of amaurosis is received with this precise meaning, there will not be the slightest danger of confounding this disease with. other af- fections of the eye. However, when it is wished to make out the very different forms and kinds of amaurosis, the foregoing appearances of the iris and pupil are considerations of great importance. (See Becr’s Lehre von den Augenkrankheiten, b. 2. p. 420. &c. Wien, 1817.) I think it also of importance, that surgeons should well understand, what Mr. Travers has particularly mentioned, that the term “¢ amau- rosis” comprehends all those imperfections of vision, which depend upon a morbid condition, whether affecting structure, or function, of the sentient apparatus proper to the organ. (See his Synopsis of the Diseases of the Eye, p. 293.) Amaurosis does not constantly attack both eyes at the same time ; frequently one is attacked some time after the other, and it is not unusual even for one eye to remain sound during life, while the other is completely blind. This depends, in part, upon the disposition to the disease in one eye being quite local, and in part upon the causes tion only to the eye affected. Where, also, the origin of amaurosis seems to depend altogether