Inorganic chemistry / by Edward Frankland and Francis R. Japp.

  • Edward Frankland
Date:
1884
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Inorganic chemistry / by Edward Frankland and Francis R. Japp. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    37/856 page 11
    Thus nitric acid gives, with sodic hydrate, sodic nitrate :— N03H + ONaH = N03Na + OH2* ' Nitric acid. Sodic hydrate. Sodic nitrate. Water. -Sulphuric acid gives, with potassic hydrate, potassic sulphate:—■ SO+H.2 + 20KH = S04K2 + 20H2. Sulphuric acid. Potassic hydrate. Potassic sulphate. Water. And hydrochloric acid gives, with potassic hydrate, potassic chlo- r ride :— HC1 + OKH = KC1 + OH2. Hydrochloric Potassic Potassic Water, acid. hydrate. chloride. When an acid contains oxygen, its name is generally formed Ihy adding the terminal ic either to the name of the element with \which the oxygen is xmited, or to an abbreviation of that name ; 1 thus sulphur forms, with oxygen, sulphuric acid ; nitrogen, nitric ; acid; and phosphorus, phosphoric acid. But it frequently happens I that the same element forms two acids with oxygen; and when t this occurs, the acid containing the larger amount of oxygen 1 receives the terminal syllable ic, whilst that containing less oxygen iis made to end in ous. Thus we have sulphurous acid, nitrous acid, sand phosphorous acid, each containing a smaller proportion of 1 oxygen than that necessary to form respectively sulphuric, nitric, ; and phosphoric acids. In some instances, however, the same element forms more than ' two acids with oxygen, in which case the two Greek words hypo, 1 under, and hyper, over, are prefixed to the name of the acid. Thus 1 an acid of sulphur containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid is : termed hyposulphurous acid; and another acid of the same element containing, in proportion to sulphur, more oxygen than sulphurous 1 acid and less than sulphuric, might be named either hypersul- ] phurous acid, or hyposulphuric acid ; but the latter term has been ;adopted. The prefix per is frequently substituted for hyper; I thus in the case of chlorine, which forms the following four acids • with oxygen, viz., hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, 1 and hyperchloric acid, the latter is generally named perchloric . acid; but per can only be used as a prefix to the acid containing I the largest proportion of oxygen. * For an explanation of these formula; see Chapter VIII.
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