Volume 1

A text-book of special pathological anatomy / by Ernst Ziegler ; translated and edited from the 8th German edition by Donald MacAlister and Henry W. Cattell.

  • Ernst Ziegler
Date:
1896-1897
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A text-book of special pathological anatomy / by Ernst Ziegler ; translated and edited from the 8th German edition by Donald MacAlister and Henry W. Cattell. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    considerable as to be recognisable during life, by means of the abnormally large, full, and at times tense pulse, and the unusually powerful action of the heart; and after death by the increased capacity and fulness of the entire vascular system, as well as by the cardiac hypertrophy thereby induced. . Plethora serosa as a transient condition may result from an increased supply of water to the blood. As a chronic condition, it may be due to diminished excretion of water, from disease of the kidneys or the heart. Simple hydraemia results from abnor¬ mal loss and insufficient re-formation of the blood-albumen : anhydraemia, from increase of the water excreted and defi¬ ciency of that ingested. After severe haemorrhage more water is taken up by the blood, and the condition of hydraemia follows and persists until the loss of albumen and red blood-corpuscles is again made good. Anaemia may occur from single or repeated haemorrhages, abnormal disintegration of blood, and insufficient formation of red corpuscles. Its characteristic symptom is the diminution of the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. The proportion may fall to six or even three grammes per 100 cubic centimetres of blood. Usually the number of red corpuscles is somewhat reduced, and the result is oligocythaemia. In chlorosis, however, the causes of which are as yet undetermined, the red blood-corpuscles are deficient in haemoglobin, but their number is not diminished. Increased destruction of the red blood-corpuscles is fre¬ quently referable to special causes acting injuriously on the blood. It occurs after burns of the skin, and from the action of many poisons, such, for example, as sulphuretted hydrogen, ar- seniuretted hydrogen, potassium chlorate, picric acid, toluylene- diamine, and many of the poisonous fungi. Infective diseases accompanied by fever may also exercise a destructive influence on the blood, owing to the action of their specific poisons and to the abnormal increase of the body-heat; and the like result may follow from the presence of certain parasites in the blood, as in malaria. Excessive cooling of the skin in specially-disposed persons may occasion a destruction of the red blood-corpuscles (periodic or paroxysmal haemoglobinuria). There are also several forms of severe anaemia which are grouped together as pernicious anaemia, among the features of which is increased blood-destruc¬ tion or haematolysis, but the cause of this is still uncertain. These forms are therefore provisionally termed crypto genetic anaemias. In some cases the condition is connected with defi: nite physiological conditions, or with organic diseases, such as for example pregnancy or childbirth, ulcerative affections of the bowels, or the presence of intestinal parasites (Bothriocephalus). In other cases no organic disease is demonstrable, the anaemia appearing as a primary blood-disease. In the two instances last named opinions differ as to the cause of the blood-changes —
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