A history of classical scholarship ... / by John Edwin Sandys.

  • John Edwin Sandys
Date:
1903-08
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A history of classical scholarship ... / by John Edwin Sandys. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    The Alexandrian use of ypaptpuxTi/co's in the above sense was apparently somewhat later than the use of kpltlkos KpiTiKos *n same generai sense. The word Kpn-i/co's is found in a pseudo-platonic dialogue of uncertain date, in a passage in which the Greek boy, on reaching the age of seven, is humor¬ ously described as ‘ suffering much at the hands of tutors and trainers, and teachers of reading and writing ’ (ypap^aTicrrai), and as ‘ passing, as he grows up, under the control of teachers of mathematics, tactics and criticism’ (kpltlkol)h There is reason to believe that, just as this use of kpltlkol probably preceded that of ypap,pearlkol in its Alexandrian sense, similarly the term Kpirucq was earlier than the corresponding term ypa/xptom/oj2. Criticism was regarded as founded by Aristotle, and among its foremost representatives in the Alexandrian and Pergamene age were Aristarchus at Alexandria and Crates at Pergamon3. Crates and his pupils of the Pergamene School subordinated ypapcparLKij to KpiTtKrj, and preferred to be called kpltlkol4. Criti¬ cism was among the higher functions of the ypapcparcKos. Thus Athenaeus (_/?. c. 200 a.d.) describes the authorship of certain poems as a matter for the critical judgement (/cptVeu/) of the best ypapipartKOL5 ■ and Galen (130-200 a.d.) wrote a treatise on the question whether any one could be kpltlkol and also ypap.p,aTLKos, implying a certain distinction between these terms. Meanwhile, more than two centuries before Galen, Cicero in one of his letters, after alluding to Aristarchus, describes himself 1 Axiochus 366 E. Cp. P. Girard, /’Education Athenienne, p. 224—7. 2 Schol. on Dionysius Thrax, p. 673, 19, eirLyeyparcTaL yap to irapov ervy- ypappa Kara pev TLvas irepi ypappaTLKrjs, Kara de erepovs irepi kpltlkt)s Texas’ KpiriKT) de Aeyercu 77 rex^V £k tov KaXXiaTov pepovs. Bekker, Anecdota, p. 1140, r6 irphrepov KpLTLKp ekeyero (77 ypappaTLKTj), Kai oi TaivTpv peTLOVTes kpltlkoL. Cp. Usener in Susemihl l.c. ii 665. 3 Dion Chrysostom, Or. 53, r, ’ApLarapxos Kai Kparrjs /cat erepoL TrXeLovs tlov varepov y pappaTLK&v KXr/OevTcov, 7rporepov de Kp ltlkuiv, Kai dr] rat avros 6 ’ ApLcrTOT eX-ps, dep' ov <pacn Tpv kpltlktjv re Kai ypappaTLKr/v apxvu Xaj3elv. 4 Sextus Emp., Math, i 79, (Kparyjs) gXeye dLacpepeLV tov kpltlkov tov ypap- paTLKov• Kai tov pev kpltlkov vaerps, <pp<rL, del XoyiKrjs eirLaTppps gp.Trei.pov elvac tov de ypappaTLKdv carXlos yXcoacrlov e^pypTLKbv Kai irpocrcpdias aTrodoTiKOV ktX., and 248, Tauptcr/cos 6 Kpar^ros aKovcTTps, ohenrep oi aXXot kpltlkol, viroTacrcrojv TTj KpLTLKrj T7]V ypappaTLKTjV KtX. 11 6.
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