Volume 4

A history of science / by Henry Smith Williams ... assisted by Edward H. Williams.

  • Henry Smith Williams
Date:
1904
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A history of science / by Henry Smith Williams ... assisted by Edward H. Williams. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    BOOK IV CHAPTER I THE PHLOGISTON THEORY IN CHEMISTRY The substitution of phlogiston for the three “elements,” salt, sul¬ phur, and mercury, p. 3—“Mortification” and “revivification” of metals, p. 4—The influence of Boyle’s teaching that the atmos¬ phere was not a simple substance, p. 5—George Ernst Stahl and his£ theory of phlogiston, p. 6—Peculiarities of phlogiston, p. 7—Many complications, and final overthrow of the phlogiston theory, p. 9. CHAPTER II BEGINNINGS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY Chemistry at the beginning of the eighteenth century, p. 11— Stephen Hales and the study of gases, p. 11—Black’s studies of carbon dioxide, p. 12—Black’s studies continued by Cavendish, p. 13—His discovery that water was formed by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen, p. 14—His discovery of nitrous acid, p. 15—The work of Joseph Priestley, p. 18—His discovery of oxy¬ gen, p. 19—His refusal to reject the phlogiston theory, p. 22— The work of Scheele.p. 23—His independent discovery of oxygen, p. 24—His important discovery of chlorine, p. 25—Lavoisier and the foundation of modern chemistry, p. 28. CHAPTER III CHEMISTRY SINCE DALTON John Dalton and the atomic theory, p. 38—Berthollet’s refusal to accept it, p. 40—The theory that chemical elements combine in definite proportions championed by Proust, p. 41—Berzelius’s ac-
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