Animal physiology / by John G. M'Kendrick.

  • John Gray McKendrick
Date:
1877
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Animal physiology / by John G. M'Kendrick. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    12/172 page 8
    far from having been completely worked out, every year is adding to our knowledge. In describing the general anatomy of the body, therefore, it is convenient to divide it into {a) what may be seen with the naked eye; and {b) what can only be recognised with the microscope and with the aid of methods of investigation which have been invented during the last few years. The first division may be termed Systematic or Descriptive Anatomy ; and the second, Histology (from histos, a web or tissue, and logos, a discourse) or Microscopical Anatomy. SYSTEMATIC OR DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY. The body contains fluids and soHds. The fluids are very abundant, existing not only in certain vessels or tubes fitted for their reception, but permeating the solid parts. Without these fluids the soHd parts of the body would die. The solid parts consist chiefly of hard resisting parts termed the bones, and of softer structures forming muscle or flesh, and the various organs of the body, such as the brain, the lungs, or the heart. THE LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS. This consists of two kinds of organs, the bones and the muscles. The bones, which are hard firm structures, form levers joined to each other by firm or movable articulations or joints, which often permit the bones to move on each other with great facility. The muscles constitute the chief part of what is usually called flesh, and they possess the property of contracting or shortening so as to move the bones with which they are connected by their extremities. The bones may be called the passive, and the muscles the active, organs of locomotion. THE BONES. I. The Skeleton as a whole.—The whole of the bones in their natural position form the skeleton, which may be divided into the trunk and the hmbs. The trunk con- sists of, first, the spine or vertebral column (fig. 1, 17, 19)^ a
    digitised image 1
    digitised image 2
    digitised image 3