Animal physiology / by John G. M'Kendrick.

  • John Gray McKendrick
Date:
1877
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Animal physiology / by John G. M'Kendrick. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    anges. The scapula (fig. 13), placed on the upper and back part of the thorax, is attached directly to the trunk only by the clavicle, and from it the humerus is suspended. The clavicle, or collar-bone, is a long cylindrical bone placed on each side of the neck, and connecting the sternum with 2 (fig. 13), the acromion process of the scapula. The Fig. 13.—Back of Right Scapula:' i, coracoid, and 2, acromion process; 3, glenoid cavity for articulation with head of humerus ; 4, spine ; 5, body; 6, posterior, 7, superior, and 8, anterior borders. Fig. 14.—Front View of Right Hum- erus: i, shaft; 2, head; 3, bicipital groove ; 4, external, and 5, internal tuberosity ; 6, surface for ulna; 7, surface for radius. humerus (fig. 14) is an imperfectly cylindrical bone, extend- ing from the shoulder to the elbow-joint. In the figure it is seen as it is placed when the arm is dependent, and the palm turned forwards. It consists of a head, 2, which articulates with the scapula at 3 (fig. 13), of a shaft, i, and of a lower end, 7, 6, which supports the radius and ulna. The two bones of the fore-arm are seen in fig. 15. They consist of the radius, A, which is the external of the two bones of the fore-arm, and the ulna, B, which is the internal. The radius articulates above with the humerus, and below with two of the bones of the carpus, or wrist. The ulna articulates with the humerus and the radius, but is not directly connected with the carpal bones, a thin, fibro- cartilaginous disc being interposed between its lower end and the cuneiform bone (fig. 16, c). When the arm and hand hang downwards, the palm being directed forwards, the position is called supination; but when in the same
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