The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma / edited by A.E. Shipley. Freshwater sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa / by N. Annandale.

Date:
1911
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma / edited by A.E. Shipley. Freshwater sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa / by N. Annandale. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    It is not known to what altitude the three groups range in the Himalayas and the hills of Southern India. No sponge has been found in Indian territory at an altitude higher than that of Bhirn Tal in Kutnaon (4,500 feet), and Hydra is only known from the plains; but a variety of II. oligactis was taken by Capt. F. H. Stewart iu Tibet at an altitude of about 15,000 feet. Plumatella diffusa flourishes at Gangtok in Sikhim (6,100 feet), and I have found statoblasts of P. fruticosa in the neighbourhood of Simla on the surface of a poud situated at an altitude of about 8,000 feet; Mr. B. Kirkpatrick obtained specimens of the genus in the Botanical Gardens at Darjiling (6,900 feet), and two species have been found at Kurseong (4,500-5,000 feet) in the same district. GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SPONGES, 11YDROIDS, AND POLYZOA OF INDIA, BURMA, AND CEYLON. [A * indicates that a species or subspecies has only been found in one physiographical region or subregion so far as the Indian Empire is concerned ; a t that the species has also been found in Europe, a § in North America, a * in Africa, and a © in the Malay Archipelago.] 1. Western Frontier Territory *. (Baluchistan, the Punjab, and the N.W. Frontier Province.) Sponges :— Polyzoa :— 1. Spongilla{Eunapius)carteri\® 1. Plumatella fruticosa t§ (Lahore). (Lahore). __ 2. Plumatella diffusa (Lahore). Hydroids :— 1. Hydra oligactis^ (Lahore). 2. Western Himalayan Territory. from Hazara eastwards as far as Nepal.) (Himalayas Sponges :— 1. Spongilla(Eunapius)carterit® (Bhim Tal). 2. Ephydatia meyeni © (Bhim Tal). Hydroids:—None known {Hydra oligactis recorded from Tibet). Polyzoa :— 1. Plumatella allmanif (Bhim Tal). 2. Plumatella fruticosa t § (Simla). 3. Lophopodella carteri* (Bhim Tal). * I include Baluchistan in this territory largely for climatic reasons.