Hard rubber appliance for congenital cleft palate / by Thomas Brian Gunning.

  • Gunning, Thomas Brian, -1889
Date:
1878
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Hard rubber appliance for congenital cleft palate / by Thomas Brian Gunning. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    side, and known as the posterior pillars of the soft palate. These two pairs of muscles are now inactive, as the levatores palati have drawn the soft palate up behind, and closed the passage to the posterior nares, while the food is shut in at the front, as before described. At the instant this is accomplished tlie palato-phao'yngei act, and come together behind ; the leva- tores palati relax, and the azygos uvula) muscles come strongly into action, and draw the uvula and the origins of the palato- pharyngei rapidly forward. The azygos uvula) muscles, which pass from the spine of the hard palate to the uvula, are at this time held down to the tongue by the welt or band formed by the aponeuroses before mentioned, consequently they now in acting draw the origins of the palato-pharyngei forward, and down to the tongue; and as the insertions of these muscles extend down around the sides and back of the pharynx (crossing each other behind), they, in acting at this time, form a circular layer of muscular fibres, which converge from the circumference of the sides, and back of the pharynx, across to the insertion of the azygos uvula) muscles. At this moment the muscles which arise on the inside of the chin draw the hyoid bone forcibly, the back part of the tongue is carried forward, and closes down over the epiglottis until the food hills into the oesophagus, the downward progress of the food being facilitated by the pressure of the atmosphere, which is let in by the drawing of the azy- gos uvula) and the relaxation of the levatores palati muscles, while the muscles of the trunk cooperate, and the food enters the stomach. It is shown that dee tensorespalati muscles and thepalato-glossi act in concert to form the arched band which shuts down against the tongue, and that the palato-pharyngei are not associated with the palato-glossi in constricting the isthmus of the fauces. The foregoing explanations show that every muscle of the soft palate is active in deglutition, and that the food is effectu- ally controlled without unreasonable action on the part of any muscle such as that generally imputed to the superior con- strictor, which cannot act in deglutition, as supposed, its at- tachments making it impossible that it can press the food down the pharynx,
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