Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: The anatomy of the human body / By J. Cruveilhier. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lamar Soutter Library, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Lamar Soutter Library at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
312/944 (page 288)
![ductor, and terminates in a tendon which is inserted into the extci^Sl sesamoid bone, and also into the glenoid ligament of the metatarso-phalangal articulation. Not unfre- quently the greater number of the fleshy fibres are attached to the tendon of the abduc- tor brevis, and thus constitute the short head of a biceps muscle. Relations.—The flexor brevis pollicis is in relation below with the internal plantar fas- cia, and with the tendon of the abductor brevis pollicis, being moulded upon it, and usu- ally separated from it by a tendinous sheath, except in those cases where the two mus- cles are blended together. Observe that, at the point where the fleshy belly of the ab- ductor terminates, the flexor brevis is in relation above with the tendon of the peroneus longus ie,fig. 133) and the first metatarsal bone. Action.—The same as that of the preceding muscle, but it is much less powerful, and less extensive. Muscles inserted into the External Side of the First Phalanx of the Great Toe. These are the oblique and transverse adductors.* Dissection.—They are exposed by cutting across, and turning forward the flexor brevis digitorum, the tendons of the flexor longus digitorum, and the flexor accessorius : par- ticular care should be taken, when the dissection has extended as far as the heads of the metatarsal bones, to avoid cutting the small transverse adductor. The Adductor Pollicis Pedis. This (I'abducteur oblique, Cruveilhier, 11', fig. 133) is the largest of all the plantar mus- cles ; it is prismatic and triangular, and occupies the great hollow formed by the last four metatarsal bones, and is bounded by the first metatarsal bone on the inner side. It ex- tends from the second row of the tarsus to the external sesamoid bone of the great toe. It arises by two very distinct portions : the smaller {t,figs. 131, 132, 133), common to it and to the flexor brevis, proceeds from the cuboid bone ; the other {t') is much larger, and arises from the sheath of the tendon of the peroneus longus («), from the posterior extremities of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, and from the transverse lig- aments by which they are united. From these different origins the fleshy fibres pass more or less obliquely inward, and are inserted by a tendinous bundle into the external sesamoid bone of the metatarso-phalangal articulation of the great toe, and into the pos- terior edge of the glenoid ligament of the same joint. Relations.—Its inferior surface is in relation with the long and short flexors of the toes, with the flexor accessorius, the lumbricales, and the plantar fascia ; its superior surface, with the interosseous muscles and the external plantar artery ; and its inner surface, with the first metatarsal bone, the tendon of the peroneus longus, and with the flexor brevis pollicis. Action.—It is a powerful adductor and flexor of the great toe. The Transversus Pollicis Pedis. This small transverse bundle (I'abducteur transverse, Cruveilhier, u,fig. 133) forms an appendage of the preceding muscle, and is represented in the hand by the transverse fibres of the adductor pollicis ; it extends from the fifth metatarsal bone to the external sesamoid bone of the metatarso-phalangal articulation of the great toe. This muscle, which is of variable size, arises externally from beneath the head of the fifth metatarsal bone, by a tendinous and fleshy tongue, which is directed transversely inward, is strengthened by other fibres arising from the anterior transverse ligament of the metatarsus, and from the interosseous aponeurosis, and is inserted into the outer side of the first phalanx of the great toe, where it is often blended with the attachment of the oblique adductor. Relations.—It is in relation below with the tendons of the long and short flexors of the toes and with the lumbricalis, and above with the interosseous muscles. It is lodged in the anterior part of the deep concavity of the metatarsus, and is provided with a proper sheath. Actions.—It adducts the great toe, and draws the head of the metatarsal bones toward* each other. * [The terms adductor and abductor are applied by M. Cruveilhier to the muscles of the great toe, from their respective actions upon it, in reference to the axis of the body ; the muscle attached to the inner side of that toe being- called its adductor, and those to the outer side its abductors. In the translation, however, the nomen- clature of Albinus has been adopted, in which the terms adductor and abductor have reference to the axis of the limb: first, because it is followed by the majority of authors ; and, secondly, because it is in accordance with the principle obsen-ed by M. Cruveilhier himself, in describing not only all the muscles of the hand, but some even of those of the foot, viz., the interossei, which are classed by him as abductors or adductors, accord- ing as they draw the several toes from or towards an imaginary axis passing through the second toe. By this change much risk of perplexity will be avoided, and a uniform principle of nomenclature preserved as regards all the muscles of the hand and foot. In the description of each muscle of the great toe, the synonymes of Cruveilhier are given between brack- ets ; but in all instances, both here and hereafter, where these muscles have incidentally to be mentioned, the names adopted from Albinus will be strictly adhered to. It is scarcely necessary to observe that tlie abductor of the little toe will still retain its name.]](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21196801_0312.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
