A Dictionary of terms used in medicine and the collateral sciences / by Richard D. Hoblyn.
- Richard Hoblyn
- Date:
- 1859
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A Dictionary of terms used in medicine and the collateral sciences / by Richard D. Hoblyn. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library at Emory University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Emory University.
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![acid ; by decomposing the acetates by sul- phuric acid, and it is then termed radical vinegar; and when mixed with camphor and essential oils, it is called Henry's Aromatic Essence of Vinegar, and Mar- seilles or Thieves' Vinegar, or Vinaigre des quatre voleurs. See Glacial Acid. 4. Aceta8. An acetate ; a salt formed by the union of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. 5. Acetia. An acetite ; a term formerly applied to those salts which are now called acetates. 6. Acetica. Preparations of vinegar, con- sisting of vegetable principles dissolved in vinegar, as that of colchicum, that of squill. 7. Aceto-meter (/Atrpov, a measure). An instrument for estimating the strength of vinegars. 8. Acetyl. A hypothetical radical, pro- duced by the abstraction of two atoms of oxygen from ethyl, by oxidating processes. It pervades a series of compounds, includ- ing acetic acid, from which it derives its name. ACHiENIUM (a, priv.; ^atW, to open). An indehiscent fruit; it is one-celled, one- seeded, superior, hard, and dry, with the in- teguments of the seed distinct from it. It occurs in the Labiatae and the Boragineae. [ACHEIRUS (a, priv.; Xtl?> the hand). Without hands.] [ACHILLEA. Milfoil, Yarrow. A genus of plants, of the order Composites, several species of which have been employed as tonics and vermifuges. [1. Achillea ageratum. Sweet Maudlin. Formerly employed as a vermifuge. [2. A. millefolium. Milfoil. This species has the properties of a mild aromatic, tonic and astringent. It formerly had great rep- utation as a vulnerary, and was also given internally for the suppression of hemor- rhages and profuse mucous discharges. It contains a peculiar acid, denominated ucliilleic acid.] [3. A. moschata. The distilled water much used in Europe under the name of Esprit d'loa is prepared from this species. [4. A. ptarmica. Sneezewort. The pow- der of the dried root and leaves are used as a sternutatory. A decoction of the plant has some reputation in Russia in Hema- turia and Menorrhagia.] ACHILLIS TENDO (tendon of Achil- les). The strong tendon of the gastro- cnemius and soleus muscles, which is in- serted in the heel. ACHLAMYD'EOUS (a, priv.; ^A^usr, a cloak). The name of those plants in which the floral envelopes—the calyx and the co- roila—are both absent. [ACHOLUS (a, priv. j X»)>v, bile). De- ficient in bile.] A'CHOR (ax^pov, chaff). A small acu- minated pustule, which contains a straw- colored matter, and is succeeded by a thin brown or yellowish scab. See Favus. [ACHORISTUS {a, priv.; x.wPl&> to sup- purate). A symptom which invariably accompanies a disease.] ACHROA (a priv.; \p6a, color). A co- lorless state of the skin, depending upon a want of the pigmentary or usual coloring matter of the rete mucosum. Compare Dyschroa. ACHROMATIC (a, priv.; xp<fya, color). Without color; lenses are so designated, in which the dispersion of light is cor- rected. [ACHROMATOPSIA (a, priv.; x9aP*> color; onTo/iai, to see). Inability to dis- tinguish colors.] ACICULAR (acicula, a little needle). A term applied, in Crystallography, to needle-shaped crystals ; and, in Botany, to the leaves of certain plants which are long, stiff, and pointed, like a needle, [or marked with fine needle-like streaks, as applied to surfaces. Aciculate.] ACID [aceo, to be sour]. A compound which is capable of uniting in definite pro- portions with alkaline bases, and which, when liquid or in a state of solution, has either a sour taste, or reddens litmus paper. 1. The Names of Acids, formed from the same base, vary in their terminations, ac- cording to the quantity of oxygen which they are presumed to contain. Thus, Acids which terminate in ic denote the maximum of oxidation; in oris, a lower proportion ; those which begin with hyper (vvep, above) denote an excess of oxidation; with hypo (vnd, under), the lowest proportion. See Sal. 2. The acids which terminate in ic form compounds which terminate in ate; those which terminate in ous form compounds which terminate in ite; thus, sulphun'c acid forms salts which are called sulphates,' while sulphuro?<s acid forms salts which are called sulph/tes. 3. AcidipZable [acidus, acid; fio, to be- come]. A term applied to substances ca- pable of being converted into an acid by an acidifying principle. Substances pos- sessing this property are called radicals, or acidifiable bases. 4. Acidifying Principle. That which possesses the property of converting a sub- stance into an acid. Oxygen was formerly supposed to be the general acidifying prin- ciple of nature ; no such general principle, however, exists. 5. Acidi-metry (nirpov, a measure). The](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2103753x_0027.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
