Chemical encyclopaedia : a digest of chemistry and its industrial applications / by C.T. Kingzett.

  • Charles Thomas Kingzett
Date:
1932
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Chemical encyclopaedia : a digest of chemistry and its industrial applications / by C.T. Kingzett. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    62/1028 page 50
    ANISALDEHYDE—See Perfumery. ANISEED OIL (Anise Oil) is a yellowish, syrupy liquid of sp. gr. 0 975 to 0-990 at 150 C., and ref. ind. 1-55 to 1-56 at 250 C., of peculiar aromatic smell and taste. It solidifies at or below 150 C., and contains about 85 to 90 per cent, of anethol (CGH4.C3Hs(OCH3) or C10H12O). Two dimerides of anethole are known. (See Goodall and Haworth, J.C.S., 1930, 2482.) The oil is made from the seed of Pimpinella anisum (N.O. Umbelliferae, cultivated in Spain, Malta, and Germany) by distillation with water, the yield of oil from the seeds being about 2 4 per cent. Another colourless variety, containing anethol, of sp. gr. 0 980 to 0 990, is made from the South China or star anise (lllicium anisatum) (5 per cent.) and the Japanese lllicium religiosum (1 per cent.). Reactions to distinguish these two oils are described in abstract form (Analyst, li., 254, and lii., 300). Aniseed oils are soluble in alcohol and ether, and are used in making liqueurs, for flavouring and as carminatives. Anethol is also obtained from fennel (Anethum fceniculum) and tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus). It is soluble in alcohol and ether, melts at 210 C. and boils at 2350 C. (See Aubepine.) ANKERITES (Mineral Parts of Coal)—See Coal. ANNATTO—A fugitive colouring matter made from the seeds of the Bixa orellano, cultivated in Guiana, St. Domingo, and the Indies. It dis- solves in alcohol to an orange-red colour, and is said to contain a crystalline yellow substance named bixin, which in the presence of alkalies absorbs oxygen and turns red. It is used in dyeing and wood- staining, also for colouring butter, cheese, etc. ANODE—See Electricity. ANORTHITE ([Al?02(Si03)]Ca)—A mineral compound silicate of alu- minium and calcium of sp. gr. 27 and crystal system, No. 6. ANTHOCYANS—See Plant Colouring Matters. ANTHOXANTHENES (Anthoxanthins)—See Robinson (with others), J.C.S., 1929, pp. 61-84, and Plant Colouring Matters. ANTHRACENE (C14H10 or CfiH4.CH.CH.C6H4)—A product of the destructive distillation of coal, present in coal-tar to the extent of from J to nearly \ per cent. In the pure state it is a yellow crystalline body, and exhibits a fine blue fluorescence. It is obtained from the anthra- cene oil, which forms about 12 to 17 per cent, of the tar and distils over between 270° and 300° C. Upon cooling, the crystals of anthracene are separated from the oily mother-liquor by pressing and centrifugaliz- ing. This crude product, containing about 40 to 45 per cent, anthra- cene, is further purified from naphthalene, phenanthrene, crysene, car- bazole, and other associated bodies, by exposure to steam in a hydraulic press, after which it is washed with a mixture of solvent naphtha mixed with pyridine bases. In this way a product containing about 90 per cent, anthracene can be obtained. By dissolving the crude article in furfural at an elevated temperature and subsequent cooling, anthracene of excellent quality for direct oxidation to anthraquinone separates out.
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