The value of pure water / by George C. Whipple.

  • George C. Whipple
Date:
1907
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The value of pure water / by George C. Whipple. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    upon the cost. On the one hand, more exacting require¬ ments have constantly led to the use of better and more adequate appliances and to more thorough sys¬ tems of operation, and this has tended to increase the cost. On the other hand, improvements in design and the development of mechanical appliances to perform parts of the work formerly accomplished by hand labor have tended to reduce the cost. On the whole, it is, perhaps, fair to state that the improved methods and the increased efficiency have been secured without any material change in the cost of the process, although, of course, there are many exceptions, some in one direc¬ tion and some in the other. “As a general average, with a well-designed modern plant adapted to its work, the cost of filtering water, exclusive of pumping, but including all costs of operating the filters and furnishing the supplies required, and including the interest on the cost of the works and a reasonable allowance for repairs and depreciation, will amount to about $10 per million gallons, or one cent per thousand gallons of filtered water. Occasionally, with very easily treated water, and with conditions favorable for cheap construction, the cost may be as low as $6 or $8 per million gallons. On the other hand, with waters which are difficult to treat, or where the conditions of construction are difficult, the cost may be
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