Chemistry : general, medical, and pharmaceutical including the chemistry of the British pharmacopœia / by John Attfield.

  • John Attfield
Date:
1869
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Chemistry : general, medical, and pharmaceutical including the chemistry of the British pharmacopœia / by John Attfield. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    74/650 (page 58)
    these salts. When the other tartrates come under notice it will be found they also have a similar constitution. The crystals of the above double tartrate contain water (KISTaC^H^Og, 4H^0). Sixth Synthetical Reaction.—Pass chlorine (vide page 14) into a solution of carbonate of sodium. The result is a bleaching and disinfecting liquid, which, when made of prescribed strength (12 ounces of carbonate in 36 of water, charged by the washed chlo- rine from 15 fluid ounces of hydrochloric acid and 4 ounces of black oxide of manganese), is the Solution of Chlorinated Soda {Liquor Sodce Ghloratce) of the Pharmacopoeia. It is said to contain chloride of sodium (JSTaCl) and hypochlorite of sodium (NaClO), with some undecomposed acid carbonate of sodium. MnO^ + 4HC1 = MnCl^ + 211^0 + Cl^ Blk. oxide of Hydrochloric Chloride of Water. Chlorine, manganese. acid. manganese. ]Sra2C03 + CI2 = I^aCl,KaC10 + CO^ Carbonate Chlorine. Chlorinated Carbonic of sodium. soda. acid gas. Synthetical Reactions portraying the chemistry of the remaining official compounds (namely nitrate, sulphate, hyposulphite, borate, arseniate and valerianate of sodium) are deferred until the several acidulous radicals of these salts have been described Por phos- phate of sodium see page 82. The official citro-tartrate (Sodce Citro-tartras Effervescens) is a mixture of bicarbonate of sodium (17 parts), citric acid (6), and tartaric acid (8), heated (to 200° or 220°) until the particles aggregate to a granular condition. When required for medicinal use, a dose of the mixture is placed in water ; escape of carbonic acid gas at once occurs, and an eflervescing liquid results. In the manufacture of carbonate of sodium from chloride, the latter is first converted into sulphate, the sulphate is then roasted with coal and limestone, and the resulting hlach-ash lixiviated (lixivia, from lix, lye—^water impregnated with alkaline salts: hence lixiviation, the operation of washing a mixture with the view of dissolving out salts). The lye, evaporated to dryness, yields crude carbonate of sodium (soda-ash). This process wiU be further described in connexion with Carbonates. Deliquescence and Efflorescence.—The carbonates of sodium and