The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin.

  • Charles V. Chapin
Date:
1912
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    will survive in a privy for a year. His investigation was made in 1898, 13 months after the use of the privy by a patient. Meanwhile the vault had been disinfected several times. Apparently, however, its use by a carrier was not excluded. Calvagno and Calderini recovered typhoid ba- cilli from a privy vault for 30 days and from a barrel for 25 days. Morgan and Harvey 1 could not recover typhoid bacilli from a privy vault later than 18 days. Seinple and Greig2 found that urine containing 60,000,000 bacilli per cubic centimeter kept at 80° F. was free from them in 72 hours, and that feces under similar circumstances lost them in 96 hours. Mosebach3 sought for typhoid bacilli in privy vaults belonging to houses where carriers resided but where there had been no frank case of typhoid fever for years, and had no difficulty in recovering the germs. Johnstone 4 in studying the Janet Hill outbreak, which was probably due to carriers, could find no bacilli in 6 samples of soil from the yard of a house where there had been persistent typhoid fever. Rogers 6 found that the bacillus lived only a few days in filtered septic tank effluent. Typhoid Bacilli in Water. — Jordan and Russell6 imitated natural conditions by enclosing inoculated water in colloidal sacs to permit of osmosis, and these were placed in the Chicago River, a sewage-polluted stream. They could recover the bacilli for from 3 to 7 days only. Russell and Fuller7 repeated these experiments with substantially the same results, though they kept the bacillus alive in lake 1 Morgan and Harvey, J. Roy. Army Med. Corps, 1909, XII, 587. 2 Semple and Greig, Sc. Memoirs, Med. and San. Dept., Gov. India, 1908, XXXII, 40. 3 Mosebach, Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [etc.], I Abt., Jena, 1909, LII, Orig., 170, 773. « Johnstone, Rep. Med. Off. Local Gov. Bd., Lond., 1909-10, XXXIX 166 6 Rogers, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1903, II, 639. e Jordan and Russell, J. Infect. Dis., Chicago, 1904, I, 641. •> Russell and Fuller, J. Infect. Dis., Chicago, 1906 [Suppl. No. 2], 40.