The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin.

  • Charles V. Chapin
Date:
1912
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    atures and found that a reduction which took place in 2 weeks at 64.4° F. required 3 weeks at 50°, 4 weeks at 41° and 5 weeks at 32°. Wheeler finds that in well water with considerable pollu- tion, at room temperature, and with the exclusion of light, a considerable increase of typhoid organisms may take place. Konradi also claims that this bacillus can main- tain a saprophytic existence in water, but his methods have been criticised, and, in some experiments at least a good deal of nutrient material was added to the water with the organisms. The report on typhoid fever in the District of Columbia1 quotes from Kubler and Neufeld, and Stroezner and Tavel, instances of alleged longevity of the typhoid bacillus in well water or, in Tavel's case, in tap water, but secondary contact infection was not in any instance abso- lutely excluded. On the other hand, the infection in a reservoir in Scranton was proved to have died out within 8 weeks.2 Pfuhl3 found bacilli in tap water after 28 days, but not after 31 days. In artificially inoculated seltzer water it lived for 27 days. Hill,4 however, could not recover it from various carbonated soft drinks after 14 hours. Typhoid Bacilli in Ice. — Various writers have studied the life of typhoid bacilli in ice, and Prudden,5 Winslow,6 Park,7 Jordan, Russell and Zeit,8 Clark,9 Smith and Swingle10 and Wheeler11 have shown that they tend to disappear gradually, 1 U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hosp. Serv., Hyg. Lab. Bull. No. 35,178. 2 N. York M. J. [etc.], 1907, LXXXV, 1025. 3 Pfuhl, Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infectionskrankh., Leipz., 1902, XL, 55. 4 Hill, Rep. Bd. of Health, Bost., 1904, 53. 6 Prudden, Med. Rec, N. Y., 1887, XXXI, 341. 6 Winslow, J. Mass. Ass. of Bds. Health, Bost., XI, 133. 7 Park, J. Bost. Soc. M. Sc., 1899-1900, IV, 213. 8 J. Infect. Dis., Chicago, 1904, I, 660. 9 Clark, J. Mass. Ass. Bds. Health, Bost., XI, 124. 10 Smith and Swingle, Science, N.Y., 1905, n. s. XXI, 481. 11 Wheeler, J. Med. Research, Bost., 1906, XV, 269.