The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin.

  • Charles V. Chapin
Date:
1912
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The sources and modes of infection / by Charles V. Chapin. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    Germany carriers who excrete bacilli for less than 3 months are generally called Bazillentrdger, and those who remain carriers over that time are Dauertrdger. The English equivalents are temporary or transitory carriers, and chronic carriers. Sacquepee 1 names the excretors of bacilli in the incubation stage as precocious carriers, those who have had the disease and who continue to ex- crete bacilli for less than 3 months as convalescent carriers, those who excrete them over three months as chronic carriers, and those who have never been sick as healthy carriers, or well carriers. For the present purpose interest attaches chiefly to the fre- quency of the carrier state, the length of time it continues and the liability of carriers to cause disease in others. Some carriers excrete bacilli in the feces, some in the urine, and some in both. Only one sputum carrier has been reported. Carriers during Incubation. — Cler and Ferazzi,2 during a food outbreak, found 6 of 39 persons who had eaten the food and who, though exhibiting no symptoms, were carry- ing the bacilli in their intestines. These precocious carriers may become sick later, and sometimes the period of incubation, so called, may be three or four weeks, or even longer.3 Indeed, it is not rare to find typhoid bacilli in the feces during the period of incubation. Conradi noticed this, and considers it an important factor in the spread of the disease.4 Ravenel and Smith 5 have reported an out- break of forty cases due to contact with a case before the symptoms had developed. Prigge6 discovered 3 carriers who developed the disease, 18, 19 and 20 days afterwards. 1 Sacqu6pe6, Bull, de l'lnst. Pasteur, Paris, 1910, VIII, 1, 49. a Cler and Ferazzi, Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [etc.], Jena, I Abt., Ref. 1905, XXXVI, 479. 1 Griffith, Med. Press and Circ, 1905, LXXIX, 208. * Conradi, Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 1907, XXXIII, 1684. 8 Ravenel and Smith, J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1909, LII, 1635. 6 Prigge, Klin. Jahrb.. Jena, 1909, XXII, 245.