The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature, with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart.
- William Ewart
- Date:
- 1889
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature, with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.
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![Horizontal transverse inter- bronchial spaces: apical, in- fra-apical, infra-pec- toral, and infra- mammarj-. The veins in this lobe ai'e closer, and more parallel to t)ronchi at first than in other parts ; subse- quently they follow the two rules of ve- nous dis- tribution. The as- cending- apical veins a striking exception. 2 22 THE BRONCHI AND PULMONARY BLOOD-VESSELS. The spreading of the venous distribution in horizontal tiers is a striking feature of the left upper lobe. It is correlated with the peculiarities of the bronchial tree, and of the arterial distribution, and with the existence of three transverse inter-bronchial spaces,—the apical, the infra-apical, and the infra-pectoral interspace. To these might be added a fourth, the infra- mammary, corresponding to the interval between the superior and the inferior cardiac bronchi. It results from this disposition, and also from the close proximity of the superior pulmonary vein to the bronchial tree, that several of the venous branches possess, in this part of the lung, a course more parallel to, and, in many cases, less distant from the air-tubes, than is to be observed in any other part of either lung. This closer relationship is however restricted entirely to the early venous trunks. As they approach the peripheral zones, and undergo subdinsion, they conform to the two rules which have been found applicable to all other veins, viz. the rule that the veins occupy the bronchial interspaces, and from this independent position send branches more or less transverse to the direction of the arterio-brouchial tracts ;—and the rule that they select that side of the bronchi which is ojiposite to the bronchial surface followed by the pulmonary artery. One of the very rare exceptions to the latter rule, is presented by the ascending-apical veins, the behaviour of which has been fully described. VENOUS DISTRIBUTION TO THE LEFT LOWER LOBE. Left Inferior or Posterior Pulmonary Vein. The inferior The peculiarities of origin, of size, and of direction of the inferior pul- puimonary ^jjouary vein have already been given with sufficient detail (see p. 216); and it has been pointed out that its superior division, the imkrior-lwrizontcd vein, its branches originates in immediate proximity to the left auricle, whereas the inferior division proceeds downwards outwards and forwards for a distance of I'5 cm. before subdividing into the anterior-basic, the axillary-basic, and the pos- terior-basic veins. The inferior pulmonary vein and its large branches are in close relation with the descending aorta, the pleural reflection passing from the outer surface of this vessel to their posterior surface. and its ana tomioal re latiuns. Venous Sitpply to the Left Posterior-horizontal District. The Posterior-liorizontal Trunk resembles in all essential ijarti- terio?-hori- cuiars the same vein in the right lung. It is somewhat stouter and much zontal vein. ^i^^^^ ^]^g right Vein. It extends upwards outwards and very slightly ^ forwards, for a distance of 2 cm., covered from behind by the small diiection. descending aortic branches, as far as the lower border of the descending](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21518701_0290.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
