Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

Albert Bernays

Date:: 1878

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$DS GLYCOLLIC AND OXALIC ACIDS. OXAMIDE. By OH, info ETHiONic acid C,HX0S0,0H)S0„0H. Eesolvt-d by boilin;; Wilier into S()„(OH)„+isetMomc acid O.HXOHXSUjH). Glycol (CH^OH), or CjH.,(0H)3 by oxydation, forms the first of a series of diatomic and monobasic acids. Glycollic acid C.JIjOj = CH.,(HXCOOH) or oxy-acetic acid, is the first of the lactic series, or oxy-iatty acids. Snmetimes syrupy liquid, at others crystalline. Sour, very soluble, begins to boU at ico° C. (By dehydraiits, from 2 mols. minus OH^, into dibasic di-gly- coLLic ACID C,H„0,v) Prep, from Glycol by platinum-black. From -Ivcocin, p 95, by nitrous acid. From hromacetic acid by HOAg. CtLBr(COOH) + H( )Ag = BrAg + CH,OHCOOH. From OXALIC acid by 2H.,. By further oxydation of a glycol, we obtain a series of diatomic, dibasic acids. They all contain 4 atoms of O. 1. Oxalic acid C.,H20„20H„ = (C„0,)(OH),20H3. Oblique, rhombic prisms, soluble in 8 of water, and in their own weight of boiling water. Poisonous : magnesia or chalk the best antidotes. Reduces CI3AU. Thus: 2CI3AU + 3[(G„0„)(0H)„] = 6C1H + 6C0, + 2Au. By SO,H„ into SOjHo.OH, + CO2 + CO. All oxalates decomposed by heat, generally into carbonate, and Carbonic oxide, sometimes into metal and CO^, without blackening. (C„0,)(0K)„,20H„ in rhombic prisms. (C„()2)OH.OK,2UH„, is salt of sorrel. In Bumea; Oxalis acetoaella, &c. Soluble in 40 of water, and 6 of boiling. Qoadkoxalate (C„0„)0H.0K,(C„0„)(0H),. Sodium oxalate very little soluble. AiiMOxrcM oxalate (C,0,)(<^HjN)„,20H2 : by heat into 20H„+oxA-MII)E (C'eO,) (H,N\. Heatedwith a de-hvdrant into 40H„ + di-cyanogen C„N„. Cyanogen in water + (4OH..) = (C„0„)(OH,N)„. Ajnioxini hydkoxalate (C202)(0H)(0H,N),(;)H„. By heat at 232° C, into oxamio acid (C,0,)(0H)(H„N). Calcivm oxalate (C,0„)0„Ca,4aq. white, insoluble in water and in acetic acid. Mulberi'y calculus, because often blood-stained. By heat = CaO,C0„+C0. Lime and soluble .salts, a ftfsf. (C.0„)02Fe nearly insoluble. Ferkic soluble. (C.,0„)(0C,H5)„ is oxalic ether. Colorless, oily liquid of aromatic odor, and i .09 sp. gr. Boils at 183.8 C, little soluble in water. With 2H3N into ethyl-alcohol and oxamidb (C„0„)(H,,N),. With dry gaseous ammonia, ethyl oxalate yields alcohol, and ethyl oxamate (020„)(H„N)(OC2H,). Oxamide (C„0„)(H,N),, a white powder, insoluble in water and in alcohol. Its vapor through red-hot tube : 2(C„0,)(HoN)., = CO(H„N). + CNH + H3N + CO + COj. It is funned when 2CNH + OoH„ are brought together. By dilute acids into oxalic acid and an ammonium salt. Di- methyl OXAMIDE (C„0„)(CH3)„NH„N., &c. Ethyl carbonate (CO)(OCJi.)., by k or Na upon ethvl oxalate: CO evolved. Methyl oxalate (C^OO'^OCHj)., in transparent rhombs. Melts at 53° C. Boils at 161° C. With dry H,N into methyl$