Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

  • Albert Bernays
Date:
1878
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    trives allylene C3H,. Oxygen (by platinum black, or better by dis- tillation with potassium di chromate and sulphuric acid) produces Acrolein or acryUc aldehyde GJl fl, and acrylic acid tsH.O^. Acrolein CH„-CH-C0H, is a thin, colorless, volatile iquid, lio-hter than w'ater ; boils at 52°.2 C. Its V''PO';^isJeartully im- l-atin- By nascent H., into ally lie alcohol. With H3N into OH, and Mcrolein-amiiionia. AcryUc acid is the first of the acrylic series, of the general formula C„ll..,-,0,. Acrylic ag'id C^HjCOOH = C3H^0,. Colorless liquid of pungent, aJ^omatic odor, soluble in ^vatei•. Melts at 7° C. ^oils at i?.) O Bj nascent H, into propionic acid. [Crotonic acid CjMjbUUil _ C,H,0„. ANGELIC ACID CJ.H,C00H = C,HA, m aie root of Angelica Archanqelica. HYroGiEic acid L,,4i2(,COUll _ OigiisjU,, as a glyceride in Araohis hypog.-m.'i [Oleic acid O.^Hss^'OUil = C H, 0„, belongs to tbe acrylic series. Obtained by the sa- ponification of olein or ter-oleate of propenyl, the iiuid portion of most oils and futs. Olein (C3H,)(OC,sH330)3, best exemplified by olive oil, ^vhich, belo\v 4° 0., deposits solid palmitin. Oleic acid cry.stallizes in Nvhite needles ; melts at-14° C. Sp. gr. o. agH. Neutral to test-paper. Insoluble in water. Oleates.] Ally! cyanide CNG3H,, is found in oil of mustard. Iso-cyamde of aUyl NGC H., formed by digesting allyl iodide with sdver cyanide. Allyl'suipho-cyanide NOSC3H5, chief constituent of oil of mus- tard. Excites to tears. Boils at 148° C. By H3N into thio- sinamin or allyl sulpho-urea CS(ILN)(NH.C3H,). Allyl sulphide S(C3H.),. In Allium sativum. Among important tri-carbon compounds, belongs lactic acid, of the same series as glycollic, or oxy-acetic acid. [i. Carbonic ACID CO(OH),. 2. Ctlycollic ACID CHjOH.COOH.l 3. Lactic acid 0311,03', or oxy-propionic acid (C2H.,)(0H)(C00H). Two MODIFICATIONS. Ordinary lactic, or methyl-lactic acid CH3.CHOH.COOII = C3H,03. Colorless syrup, of sp. gr. 1.215. Very .sour, and soluble in water, alcohol, and etiier. Inactive m its relations to polarized liglit. Lactates. (0311503)20^,5 OHj. Nodular group of needles, soluble in 9.5 parts of water. (C.,H503),Zn.30I-L, slender needles, soluble in 5« of cold water. When lactic acid heated, forms anhydride, or lactide (JjIiiO.,, and di-lactic acid G,,H,„0,,. Lactyl chloride CJaHiOCl, = CJI,C1.(;0C1. Colorle.-5S liquid, by water into Clli and cliloro- jiroji'ionic acid. Prep, of iso-lac'tic acid. By lernmntation: GLUCOSE CJiijO,, = 2 lactic acid. Lactose CiJI^jOn + OH., = A lactic acid.—By oxydation of propene glycol.—By contact tor some days of CH,.COH + GNH + CIH + 2(OH2) = CIH.N + lactic acid. By HNOj ujion aimido-I'Iioi'ionic acid or alanine. By moist HOAg on chloro-propionic acid CIl3.('IlCl.COOH. (And lactic aiad by 2111 into propionic ai i.i.)—Sarco-lactic, para- lactic, or ethene lactic acid CJIi.OlI.COOH, exists in mnscular