Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

  • Albert Bernays
Date:
1878
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    flesh. Turns the plane of polarization to the left. Calctttji FARALACTATE, 4OH2, is Soluble in 12 of cold water. Zrac para- LACTATE, 2OH2, in thick, shining prisms, soluble in 17 of cold water. Heated to 130°, paralactic acid yields dilactic acid, changed by water into iso-lactic or ordinary lactic acid. IV. Tetraoarhoa group C,. Butane C,H,o series. Butane or Quartane CiIIi„. As normal (diethyl), CH3-CH,- CH2-CH3 a colorless gas, liquid at 0° C. In petroleum By heating 2IGJ-I, + Zn =I,Zn + C,H,„. As iso-butane(CHXCHj), a gas, liquid lielow - i7°C. Butyl or tetryl alcohol is propyl CAHBiNOL CH3.CH,.CH,.CH„0H boils at ii5°C., ligliter than water, and bat little solulde. Prep from bcttl chloride C,H„C1 + CH3.COOK = CIK + 0H3.COO(C,HA Then • 2[CH3,COOC,H,] + (OH),Ba = (CH3.C00)„Ba + C.H.Oh! Also Irom bdtyeic aldehyde CHj.CHoGHoCOH, by nascent H, Also from pRorENYL nitrile CsHjCN by nascent H„ into butyl- amin C.,H,|PI,N; tlie latter into buty'l nitrite by IS^OOH, and distilling tiie nitrite with HOK. By oxydation into butyric acid CH3.0I-L,.CH,.C00H. [i. Formic acid H.COOH. 2 Acetic Aciu CH3.COOH. 3. PBOnoNic ACID CH3.CH„C00H.] 4 Bu- tyric acid CH3.CH„.CH,.C00Ii. Tliis acid ii. juice of muscle, in perspiration ; as butyrin or propenyl butyrate in butter. A viscid liquid, of rancid odor, easily soluble in water and in alcoliol. Sp. gr. 0.958. Solid at - 12° C; boils at ihfC. In fermentafinn of lactose, in presence of clialk, fir.st calcium lactate, and then with evolution of 2CO, and 2H, into calcium butyrate. 203^1,03 = 2C0„ + 2H„ + butyric'acid CJI O. = CjHjOH. Calcium butyrate, 6H„, shining scales, less soluble in boiling water. Ethyl butyrate C^H-OO.CoH,.' Peo- penyl nitrile C3H,CN, by heating with HOK, + 0H„=k3N + potassium-bi tykate (JH3.CHX!H„.C00K. [Iso-butyl alcohol CH3.CI-I2.HCOI-I.CH3, in fouscl oil. Soluble in ich parts of water. Boils at 110° 0. By oxydation into iso-butyric acid CH(CH3)2COOH. Secondary butyl alcohol or methyl ethyl alcohol CI-IaC'Ji^.CIiOH, a colorless oily liquid, of burnin>^' inste and pungent odor. Sp. gr. 0.85 ; boils below 97°C. At 250° C, into OH., + butene C^Hj. Prep, from secondarv butyl iodido by HOAg.] [Erytiirite (J,',l-i„(OIt), or phycite C,H,„0,, is tlio teti-atoinic alcohol Irom wliicli soeonilary butyl iodide is prepared by hcatin- it witli 7IH = 4OIL + il„ + C(OH3)(C„H0H[. A sugar, crys^ tallizing in transp.irent prisms, readily soluble. Is foundin Protoooocns vnhjiiris. Tertiary butyl alcohol C(CH3)30H, m rhombic pri.sms. melting at 25°. 5 0. Boils at 82^. 5 C. By oxydation into acetic acid and acetono. Prep. CH3COCI +