Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

Albert Bernays

Date:: 1878

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$Artificially by boiling uric acid with lead peroxide and water : 2C5H4N.,03 + O, + 5OH2 = 2 TREA + 2 OXALIC ACID + C4H5N403. TMonuric acid C^HgNgSO,;, a.9 ammonium thiontj- BATE is obtained when a solution of alloxan C^HjNoOj is mixed with a slight excess of S0(0H)2 : then ammonia and ammonium carbonate are added, and the whole boiled. When tliionuric acid is boiled with water + OH, = S0,(0H)2 + uramil C,H,N.,03. Then: tramil CjH5N303 + alloxan CJ-IjNjOj +'AMMONIA H3N = murexid C,H4(HjN)N50s,OH„. VI. Hezacarbon Cu group. Hexane C6H14 series. Hexane CoHi., or di-propyl. Occurs as normal CH3.(CH„)4CH3 in petroleum. Boils at 70° C. From normal propyl iodide by sodium. Or by 2CIH + Zii on secondary hexyl iodide. Iso- hexane, or propyl-dimethvl-methane, boils at 62^ C. Methyl- butyl carbinol or primary hexyl alcohol 0„H,3.0H = CH3(CH„)jCH.^0H. Li(iuid of strongly aromatic odor. Sp. gr. 0.B2 : boils at 156.6° C. The essential oil of Heracleum (jigan- teum is a mixture of hexyl butyrate and octyl acetate. Cai'ROIO ALDEHYDE CHjCCHjXCOH. Caproio acid or pentytl forjiic ACID CH3(CH2),,C00H. The sixth of the fatty series, of which formic acid li.COOH is the first. Clear, mobile liquid, of pun- gent sudorific odor. Sp. gr. 0.895; boils at 205° C. Con- tained in perspiration; as a glyccride in butter, and largely in cocoauut-oil. Artificially by heating normal pentyl cyanide CH3(CH„)4.CN with KOH solution. Hexene glycol C„H,„(OH), CH„OH.(CH„X.CH,,OH. Boils at 20-^ C. Secondary hexyl ALCOHOL or METHYL-BETYL-CARBiNOL CHj.C^H.i.CHOH, is a viscid liquid, of pleasant, rel'reshing odor; boils at 137° C. By CIH, into CHLORIDE, and water. Prepared by treating mannite C„Hs(OH),. with strong HI, we obtain 60H„ + 5I2 + secondary HEXYL iodide C|3H,3l. The latter, with AgOH gives Agl + CH3.C,,H,,.CH0H. When oxydized, into methyl-butyl-ketone CH3.CO.C4H51. Hexene C|;H,o is obtained from this alcohol. Tlie hexatomic alcohols and ethers must be included in this group. Mannite C„lIs(OH)|i, in fuur-sided prisms, easily soluble in water and alcohol ; not in ether. Jlelts at 166^ C. IMado from manna, an exudation from the ash. Also contained iu mu^h^oom.s, onions, celery, asjiaragus, and in various sea-weeds. Glucose also by nascent H„ into maunite. ]?y oxydatiou with Platinum black, into mannitic acid CH.,0H(CH0H)4C00H ; and further by nitric acid into sauc^haric acid (CH{.>11)4(COOH)j and OXALIC acid. By fuming N02(0H) into nitro-mannite C„HXN*-*2)o* *«• 15y hydriodic acid into secondary hexyl :dcoliol. Dulcite is isomerio with maunite. A sugar imported from Madagascar. Melts at 182° C. Yields mucic acid by oxydation$