Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

  • Albert Bernays
Date:
1878
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    131/168 (page 119)
    on anthracene in CS^. Anthrol Ci4Hg.0H. Anthraquinone Ci^HjO, = CbH,.C0.C0.C,H4, in shiny, yellow needles. Sub- limes. Not reduced by S0(0H)2. By oxydation of anthracene. Di-bromanthraquinone Ci4H,iBr202. In yellow needles. Ob- tained by heating anthraquinone with Bromine. By heating with 2KOH at 150° C, into alizarin Ci,H„(OH)oO.. Anthra- quinone-sulphonio acid OnH,02S03H, and CnHij'OoCSOjH),, by heating anthraquinone witli S02(OH)2 at 255° C. Alizarin CnH^(0H).,02, in orange-colored needles, forming purple solution with allialies. Aluminum and tin salts throw down red pre- cipitates of madder-lakes. Alizarin, from the red coloring matter of Kubia tinctorum ; contains ruberytheic acid C25H2,0|4, whioli by water ( -j- 2OH2) is resolved into 2 dex- trose and alizarin or garancin. Now prepared artificially as above, or cheaper, from Ci4H„02(S03H)2 l)y fusion with KOH, solution in water, and precipitation of the alizarin by CIH. Purpurin C,4H,(OH)302 occurs in old madder-roots together with alizarin. Like alizarin, it is reduced to anthracene, by heating with zinc-dust. Destmctive distillation. Among the products of the distil- lation of wood and resins must be mentioned Zreasote CgHj^Oj. Sp. gr. 1.057. It is to kreasote that wood-smoke owes its anti- septic properties. It is contained in the heavier portions of the oil obtained from wf>od-tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid, which boils at 203^^0. Easily inflamed; burns with a smoky flame. Of pungent odor and burning taste. Little soluble iii water; very soluble in acetic acid, alcohol and ether. Coagulates albu- min (p. 126) and is the best antiseptic. Phenol or carbolic acid CsH^OH, is the common substitute for genuine kreasote. Terpenes and Camphors. Oil of turpentine C|„II,„, a colorless, mobile liquid, of aromatic odor, insoluble in water, but soluble in ahsolute alcohol, ether, benzene and carbonic sulphide. A solvent of phosphorus, sulpliur, iodine, bromine, oils, resins (varnishes). Many varieties: isomeric and polymeric. In conifers generally. Forms iiyduates ; Gi„lI,,|',20H„ and <-'ioHi(i.3<>H2. By repeated distillation with a little sulphuric acid, into terebe.ve (',„II„„ hoiliug at 160° C, and coloitiune CjJIjj, boiling at a high temperature. Inflames with Chlorine. Unites with 2CIH. Cv.mene or MEi'iivL-i'itoi'VL-iiENZENE C.H (CHjXCjJI;), is made from turpentine, showing the latter to be a hydride of cumciK^. I!y oxydiition, tur])enLino yields acids: formic, acetic, butyric, oxalic, teueiiic (UT,,/),, toi,i;io C,.!! (CH,)( XJOH, and teueimithamo C„H,(C0(jjl)2. Essential oils! Kitlirr hydrocarbons isomeric or ]M)lymeric with oil of turpenliiic. or of u niLvturo of tliese with compounds of C, H and O. Oil of