Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

  • Albert Bernays
Date:
1878
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    are silicates. Metasilicates represented by formula H^SiO^ or SiO(OH).,; orthosUicates, by H^SiO^ or Si(OH),. Hyclratos ot silica are soluble in water. At a red-heat SiO„ is one of the most powerful of the acids, as it is not volatile, and takes the place ot the volatile salt radicles in their respective salts. Potassium sulphate and silica strouglv heated give potassium silicate as the residue. Glass is <?eiiorany a mixture of certam silicates (see GLASS). Si and N. [Silicon nitride formed by heating Si in N. A lic-ht bluish iibrous compound.] Si and S. [SUicon sulphide SiS.,. White, earthy, solid ; deliquescent. Decompt)S( d by water into -SH, and SiO.,. By heating Si in S vapor, SiS„ is tormed.J Si and CI. Silicon chloride SiCl^ = 170. Transparent, color- less liquid, pungent, irritating. Sp. gr. 1.523. Decomposed by water into orthcsilicic acid Si(OH)„ and 4HCI. Prep, by strou<^lv heating a mixture of silica and charcoal, and passing a stream of CU over it: SiO, + 2CI.. + C, = 2CO + SiCl,. Silicon- chloroform SiHClj mixed with SiCl., constitutes chloro-leukon SiaH^Clio. Si nnd Br. [SiUcon bromide SiBr^. A liquid ot sp.gr. 2Sii. Similarly prei)ared and of similar behavior to SiCl^.] Si and I. [SUicon iodide Sil^. In colorless, trans- parent o'ctahedra, which melt at i2o°.s C. From Si and I at high temperatures. Also Silicon sesqui-iodide Sijle.] Si and F. Silicon fluoride SiP^ = 104. Colorless gas of sp. gr. i.(>, fuming strongly in moist air. Uninfi.immable. Condensable to a liqufd. which is solid at - r 40° C. Must be collected over water, as it is in part decomposed by the latter. Prep, heating calcium FLCORiDE CaPj, together with silica SiOj and sulphuric acid in a dry flask, and collecting over mercury. iCaPj + ^SOoCOHij = 2SO.,02Ca -f 4HP. Then : 4HP + SiO^ = 2OH., -|- SiF^. Hydrogen silico-fluoride 2HF,SiP4 = 144. A sour, fumiug liquid. If it attacks glass, it is because SiF4 volatilizes from it and leaves HP. Action of water upon silicon fluoride SiP^. 3 SiP, -1- 4OH, = Si(OH), -t- 2[2HP,SiP J Orthosilicic acid can be removed by liltratiou, and is thus easily obtained pure. XIV. Phosphortis P = 31. P., =124. A triad element, never native. A constituent of the bones of vcrtebrata, of blood and urine, &fi. In primitive and volcanic rocks, in an oxydized form. Discovered by Brandt in 1669. Called Phosphorus from its luminosity in air (from <piiis light, tpophs bearer). Phosphorus is a translucent body, resembling wax, and, from oxydation, with a garlic smell. Brittle at low temperatures, it may be cut with a knife. Sp. gr. r.83. Molts at 44° C, to a transparent liquid ; boils at 208° C. 100 c.ii. of the vapor weigh 135 grains. It is insoluble in water, slightly