Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

Albert Bernays

Date:: 1878

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$solving, gives sodium pyrophosphate. 2[P0(0H)f 0Na)2l — OH^ = P203(ONu)4. A pyro-phosphate, decomposed by sulpliuiic !icid, yields orthopliosplioiic acid on boiling. Ordinary pliosphoric acid is precipitated as MAGNESUM-AMMONifM orthophosphate, calcined and weighed as magnesium pyrophosphate P^OjO^Mg,, 100 partsof wliicli contain 63.96 per cent, of P...O,. 3. Metaphos- phoric acid, glacial, or hydrogen metaphosphatePOoOH or PO3H = 80. Results from heating either ortho- or pvro-phosphoricacid to redness. Prep. P0(0H3^ by heat = OH^ +PO.,H. A substance resembling ice, very deliquescent and sour. Monobasic. Pre- cipitates albumen. Metaphosphates. Silver metaphosphate, white. When boiled with water, meta-phosphoric acid gives ortho- pliosphoric acid. Phosphorus oxide P4O = 140. A red powder, always formed in the incomplete combustion of phosphorus. P and N. [Phospham HNjP contains H iu addition. Yellow- isli-white, bulky powder. Obtained by heating PClajSHsN in a current of carbonic anhydride.] P and S. [Six comjionuds are known. PoSj and PjS,, are the analogues of tlie respective o.\;ygen compounds. The compounds PjS, Y.S3 and P^S- form sulphur salts with metallic sulphides.] P and Se. [Three sele- iiides known P^Se, P^Scj and PjSe.,.] P and CI. i. Phosphorous chloride PCI3 = 137.5. Colorless, fuming liquid, very volatile. Sp.gr. 1.45. Boils at 73°.8 C. Great solvent of phosphorus. Im- mediately decomposed by much water into hydrogen chloride and phospliornis acid. PCI3 + jOH^ = 6C1H + POH(OH),. Prep, by passing dry Chlorine into melted phosphorus in excess. 2. Phosphoric chloride PCI- = 238.S. White, ciystalhne solid, volatile below 100° 0. Very deliquescent. Easily prepared by saturating PCI3 with CL. By a large excess of water, it is instantly decomposed into hycbogen chloride and ortho- phosphoric acid. Thus : PCI,, + 40H„ = 5CIH + P0(UH)3. Phosphoric oxy-chloride or phosphoryl chloride POCI3 = i5 3-5- Limpid, volatile, fuming Liquid, much used in chemical research. Boils at rio° 0. Prep. a. from phosiDhoric chloride with little watei-. PCI5 + OH, = 2CIH + POCI3. b. By heating phos- phoric chloride with phosphoric anhydride. P0O5 + 3PCI5 = 5POCI3. c. By heating phosphoric chloride with crystallized boracic acid. 3PCI5 + 2(B0OH,OH2) = 6C1H + B2O3 + 3POCI3. d. By passing O into boiling PCI3. [Phosphoric sulpho-tri- chloride PSCI3 = 169.5. Fuming, colorless liquid. Boils at 257° C. Prej} by decomposing phosphoric chloride PCI5 with SHo. PCI., + SH„ = 2CIH + PSCI3. Or, by addiiig antimonous sulphide to phosphoric chloride. Sb^Sj + 3PCI5 = 2SbCl3 + 3PSCI3. When heated with sodium hydroxide, sulphoxyphos- phate is formed; PSCl3 + 6NaOH = 3NaCl-|-30H.,+PSCONa),.] P and Br. [Phosphorous hromide PBr3. Liquid, boils at 175.3 C. Phosphoric bromide PBrj. Oxy-bromide POBra.] Pandl. [Din-$