Time of combination of diphtheria toxin with living tissues / A.T. Glenny and Barbara E. Hopkins.

  • Glenny, A. T.
Date:
[1925?]
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Time of combination of diphtheria toxin with living tissues / A.T. Glenny and Barbara E. Hopkins. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    COMBINATION OF TOXIN WITH TISSUES the toxin injected: some toxin was so fixed in 70 minutes that 50,000 times its equivalent in antitoxin could not dislodge it, while 500,000 times its equivalent in antitoxin was not sufficient to remove from combination with the tissues the whole of the toxin injected 85 minutes earlier. When smaller amounts of toxin were injected, a considerably longer interval elapsed before an amount of toxin sufficient to cause a slight reaction was so fixed that antitoxin could not dislodge it, but even when enough antitoxin was injected that would completely neutralise 5,000,000 times the dose of toxin a definite reaction was produced when the toxin was injected 4J hours before the antitoxin. These lesults are shown in table II. In this series the amount of Table II. Showing reactions caused by the intracutaneous injection of guinea-pigs with different small amounts of toxin at various intervals of time befoy'e the intravenous injection of antitoxin. Size of reactions in millimetres. Quantity of toxin injected. Interval elapsing after injection of toxin before injection of antitoxin. 4 hours p ,, 15 minutes 5 „ 15 1 „ 15 3 „ 15 P „ 15 . hour 15 fnits of antitoxin in¬ jected l/5000th of test dose. 12x12 10x15 18 x 18 8x8 lOx 10 10 x 10 8x8 6x 10 5x5 8x8 8x8 6 x 10 trace 5x5 trace 99 8x8 5x5 99 trace ... 10 100 1000 1/2000th of test dose. 18 x 18 15 x 15 18 x 18 12 x 15 10x10 12 x 12 12 x 12 8 x 10 8 x 10 8x8 8x8 10 x 10 10x10 5x5 10x10 trace 5x5 10x10 8x8 5x5 ... 10 100 1000 l/1000th of test dose. 18 x 18 18 x 18 18 x 18 12x 12 12 x 12 15x15 15 x 18 10x10 12x12 lOx 10 lOx 10 10 x 10 12 x 12 5x5 10x10 12 x 12 trace 8x8 8x8 5x5 • • • 10 100 1000 99 99 9 9 9 9 toxin injected was 1/oth, 1/2 and a full Schick dose, equivalent for that particular batch of toxin used to 3, 7 and 15 minimal skin ;; reacting doses respectively. The reactions produced by the toxin injected 6 hours before antitoxin were less than those produced by ! the toxin injected 24 hours before. In these preliminary experiments our object was to determine the interval of time before sufficient toxin was fixed to cause a definite ; and lasting reaction. Upon these results was based the “following ? dose used by Eagleton and Baxter (1921) in their method of testing ? the virulence of diphtheria organisms. The batch of toxin used in ! tilese preliminary experiments was too weak in specific toxicity to be suitable for use in the Schick test. In subsequent experiments the I toxin used contained twice as many minimal reacting doses in that A 2
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