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Punjab.
Date:
1908
Catalogue details
Licence and re-use
Licence:
In copyright
Credit:
Punjab. Source:
Wellcome Collection
.
Contents
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Title Page
Table of Contents
Index
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![from the range shutting it off from Chinese Tartary. Starting | from the termination of the Central Himalayas, a transverse range, the last to the south of the Sutlej, runs south-west ; throughout the length of the Simla States, forming the water- ^ I shed between the Sutlej and the Jumna. A few miles north- east of Simla, it divides into two main branches, one following the line of the Sutlej in a north-west direction, and the other, on which Simla lies, continuing south-west, until, at a few miles north of Sabathu, it meets at right angles the mountains of the Outer or sub-Himalayan system, which have a direction parallel to the Central Himalayas, i.e. from north-west to south-east. South and east of Simla, the hills lying between the Sutlej and the Tons, the principal feeder of the Jumna, centre in the great Chaur peak, 11,982 feet high, itself the j termination of a minor chain that branches off southwards from the main Simla range. The mountain system (excluding Bashahr) may be thus mapped out roughly into three portions : the Chaur peak, and the spurs radiating from it, occupying the south-east corner; the Simla range, extending from the Central Himalayas to the neighbourhood of Sabathu; and the ] mountains of the sub-Himalayan series, running from north- | west to south-east, and forming the boundary of the Ambala J plains. The last-mentioned group ma,y be subdivided into the | sub-Himalayas proper, and an outer range, corresponding to the Siwalik hills of Hoshiarpur on the one side and of the Gangetic Doab on the other. The sub-Himalayan and the Siwalik ranges form parallel lines, having between them an open space of varying width, known as the Kiarda Dun, a broad and well-cultivated valley. The Dun in Nalagarh is ; open and richly cultivated, like the corresponding Kiarda Dun in Sirmur and Jaswan Dun in Hoshiarpur. The wilder parts of Bashahr beyond the Sutlej are thus described by Sir H. Davies :— ‘ Immediately to the south of Spiti and Lahul is the district of Kanawar, which forms the largest subdivision of the Bashahr principality, and consists of a series of rocky and precipitous ravines, descending rapidly to the bed of the Sutlej. The district is about 70 miles long, by 40 and 20 broad at its northern and southern extremities respectively. In middle Kanawar the cultivated spots have an average elevation of 7,000 feet. The climate is genial, being beyond the influence of the periodical rains of India; and the winters are compara- tively mild. Upper Kanawar more resembles the alpine region of Tibet. Grain and fuel are produced abundantly ; the poppy also flourishes. The Kanawaris are probably of Indian race. i](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b29353415_0400.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
