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Punjab.

Date:: 1908

Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Punjab. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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54/486 (page 22)

Cattle, ponies, and sheep. Irrigation, rise, partly owing to the extension of canal irrigation and partly from the increased pressure of the population on the soil. In 1896-7 a colony was established on 35,000 acres of state lands irrigated by the Bari Doab Canal in the Chunian tahsil^ and an additional area of 4,000 acres was thrown open in 1903, In this colony 24 new villages have been founded, the land having either been sold, or leased to carefully selected occu- pancy tenants. Little has been done to improve the quality of the seeds sown, though experiments in growing indigo and cultivating the bdra variety of rice have been made. Loans for the construction of wells are growing in popularity, and more than Rs. 40,000 was advanced during the five years ending 1903-4 under the Land Improvement Loans Act. Loans for the purchase of bullocks and seed amounted to Rs. 1,88,000 in the same period. Few cattle are bred in the District, as most of the cultivators are supplied by itinerant dealers from Hissar, Multan, Mont- gomery, or Bahawalpur with picked animals suitable for well and plough-work, while the north of the District is supplied chiefly from Amritsar, Gujranwala, and Jhang. The cattle found in the Manjha present, in strength and condition, a great contrast to the weakly half-starved animals of the Ravi and Sutlej valleys, partly because the Manjha people can better afford the luxury of good cattle, and partly because only the strongest animals are able to stand the work entailed by the deep Manjha wells, the heavy ploughing of the canal- irrigated lands, and the long distances to which produce has to be transported in carts. There is a large trade in ght and milk in the villages within easy reach of Lahore. Horses and ponies are most numerous in the Manjha; 5 pony stallions are kept by the District board and 14 by the Army Remount department; 5 donkey stallions are kept by the District board and 13 by the Army Remount department. There are not many mules in the District, but donkeys are largely used as pack animals. Large numbers of sheep and goats are kept, and camels are used both as pack animals and for riding. Of the total area cultivated in 1903-4, 1,555 square miles, or 73 per cent., were classed as irrigated. Of this area 543 square miles were supplied from wells, 77 from wells and canals, 88 r from canals, and 54 from streams and tanks. In addition, 116 square miles, or nearly 5^ per cent, of the cultivated area, are subject to inundation from the Ravi and Sutlej. On the left bank of the Ravi the greater part of the Manjha is irrigated by the Bari Doab Canal, while the low-

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