Punjab.

Date:
1908
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Punjab. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    to the authorities at Delhi, while subject to the constant incursions of the turbulent Khokhars, who devastated the country round in 1205. On the death of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206 Kutb-ud-din Aibak was crowned at Lahore; his lieu- tenant Kubacha lost the city to Taj-ud-dln Yalduz in 1206, but it was recovered by Kutb-ud-dln in the same year. From the death of Aram Shah in 1211 the province of Lahore became the bone of contention between Altamsh at Delhi, Nasir-ud-dln Kubacha at Multan, and Taj-ud-dln Yalduz at Ghazni. Yalduz in 1215 took Lahore from Nasir-ud-din; but Altamsh defeated him in the following year, and made himself master of the city in 1217. On the death of Altamsh in 1236, Malik Ala-ud-dm Jani of Lahore broke out in revolt ; and after he had been defeated and killed, Kabi-Khan-i-Ayaz of Lahore likewise rebelled in 1238, but submitted later. Then follows a century during which Lahore lay at the mercy of incessamt Mongol raids. It was taken by them in 1241, and put to ransom in 1246. The city was rebuilt by Balban in 1270 ; but in 1285 the Mongols returned, and Balban’s son, prince Muhammad, was slain in an encounter on the banks of the Ravi, the poet Amir Khusru being captured at the same time. Muhammad’s son, Kai Khusru, was appointed governor of the Punjab in his stead, but was murdered in 1287. The suburb of Mughalpura was founded about this time by Mongol settlers, and Dua the Chaghatai made a raid on Lahore in 1301. Under Ala-ud-dm Khilji, Ghazi Malik, afterwards the emperor Tughlak Shah, received charge of the territories of Dipalpur and I.ahore as a warden of the marches against the Mongols, an office he seems to have discharged with some success. However, the Khokhars took Lahore in 1342, and again in 1394, when it was recovered by Sarang Khan. In 1398 Lahore was taken by a detachment of Timur’s army, and seems to have lain desolate till it was rebuilt by Mubarak Shah in 1422. Jasrath Khokhar attacked Lahore in the same year, and again in 1431 and 1432, but without success; but in 1433 Shaikh All took the city, which, however, he had almost immediately to surrender. In 1441 Bahlol Khan Lodi was appointed to the fiefs of Lahore and Dipalpur, and seized the opportunity of turning against his master Muhammad Shah. Lahore seems to have enjoyed a period of peace under the Pathans ; but in the reign of Ibrahim Lodi, Daulat Khan Lodi, governor of Lahore, revolted and called in the aid of Babar. Lahore was plundered by Babar’s troops in 1524, but in his final invasion in the next year he passed to the north through SicTkot.
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