Illustrations of dissections : in a series of original colored plates the size of life representing the dissection of the human body / by George Viner Ellis and G.H. Ford.

George Viner Ellis

Date:: 1891

Credit: Illustrations of dissections : in a series of original colored plates the size of life representing the dissection of the human body / by George Viner Ellis and G.H. Ford. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.

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$supinators, which turn back the bone, are phiced on both the front and hinder part of the limb. The action of the supinators will be given with the description of Plate xii. Two pronators are connected with the radius ;—one, pronator teres of the superficial layer, being attached about midway between the ends; and the other, pronator quadratus, of the deep layer, is fixed into the lower part. Both are therefore inserted below the upper half of the bone ; and during their contraction the lower end of the radius is moved over the ulna—the u]iper end not changing its position to that bone, but rotating in its band like a wheel. And as the active supinators (supinator brevis and biceps) are fixed to the upper part of the radius, their influence on the lower end is neutralized as soon as the bone is broken through at or near the middle ; so that the lower fragment can be then moved for- wards without obstacle by the action of the pronators. Fracture of the radius near or below the middle is attended by prona- tion of the hand, and by displacement of the lower fragment, in conse- quence of the action of one or both of the pronators, and of the weight of the hand articulated to the radius. But the upper fragment of the broken bone does not change its place ; it remains on the outer side of the ulna, though tilted away from that bone by the action of the supina- tors. Keadjustment of the displaced lower fragment will be made by supinating the hand, for this movement carries back at the same time the lower end of the broken radius into contact with the uj)per. Future displacement of the lower fragment will be prevented if the weight of the hand is taken off by fixing the forearm and hand with splints in a posi- tion midway between pronation and supination, so that the thumb shall be in a line with the upper part of the radius, and the palm of the hand shall be turned to the chest. Should the lower fragment not be brought well into line with the upper by the position of the forearm above-said, it will be necessary to place the hand quite supine (the palm of the hand looking directly upwards), and to fix it with splints in that posture, as was recommended by Mr. Lonsdale. * \n fracture of the shafts ofhoth hones of the forearm, the lower ends, as in fracture of the radius, de|)art from the line of the upper ends, being * Fracture of the Forearm. By Edward Lonsdale. Medical Gazette, 1832, p. 910.$