On the effects of the kneading of muscles upon the circulation, local and general / by T. Lauder Brunton and F.W. Tunnicliffe.

  • Brunton, Thomas Lauder, Sir, 1844-1916.
Date:
1894
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the effects of the kneading of muscles upon the circulation, local and general / by T. Lauder Brunton and F.W. Tunnicliffe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    a piece of rubber tubing slipped over it. The second modification was that the volume of blood lost was measured, not by the change in level of the column of the anticoagulation fluid, in the distal limb of a U tube (vertically), but by the advance of this column along a long graduated tube placed horizontally exactly at the level of the vein, and of sufficiently narrow bore to give an even meniscus. The advantage of this method was, that starting with the long graduated tube at the level of the vein, there was no negative pressure tending to suck the blood out at the beginning of bleeding, and as the volume of blood lost increased, this latter did not, as when it was registered vertically, exert a positive pressure, and thus tend to diminish the volume of blood lost towards the end of the bleeding. When we bear in mind the lowness of venous blood pressure the influence exerted at the beginning by a negative pressure, and at the end by a positive one, is not to be neglected1. Before and after each observation the whole system of tubes including the portion of the vein next the cannula was washed out by means of a syringe, which was at other times clamped off. If during the washing out a clot was found, which thanks to the shape of the cannulae and the MgS04 solution, was very seldom the case, the previously obtained readings on the graduated tube were discarded. As a rule both femoral veins were prepared and the right or left used at will for observation, by clamping off the tube leading from the other to the wash bottle. Time was measured by a metronome. The long gradu- ated tube was provided with a number of rubber rings made by snipping ordinary red tubing of such a size as to permit of being easily moved up and down the tube, but fitting too tightly to slip. The arrangement of the apparatus is best seen from the accompanying diagram (Fig. 1, A). The long horizontal tube, which was graduated to £ c.c., is shown at a; by means of the screw clamp at c the recording apparatus could be completely cut off, this was useful during washing out. The screw clamp b and the T piece d were inserted for bringing back the level of the fluid to the zero of the scale at the end of each observation, by these means this could be accomplished without disturbing the rest of the apparatus. The other parts of the apparatus explain themselves. The cannula used is drawn at B (Fig. 1). To begin an observation, the syringe tube being clamped off, the vein cannula was by opening the corresponding clamps put into communication with the wash bottle, and through it with the long graduated tube, the current of venous blood was then directed through the cannula by applying the bulldog forceps 1 The modifications in method were due to one of us (Tunnicliffe). 24—2
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