Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of medical science / by Robley Dunglison .. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.
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![Amygdalitis. Tonsillitis; quinsy. Amyg'daloglos'sus. Continuation of fibres of the palatoglossus muscle, passing from the tongue to the tonsil; elevates the base of the tongue. Amyg'daloid. Almond-shaped; resembling a ton- sil. A. fos'sa, space between the pillars of the fauces in which the tonsil rests. A. nu'cleus, a small col- lection of gray matter in the extremity of the descending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. A. tu'bercle, prominence over the amyg- daloid nucleus. Amyg'dalolith. Tonsillar calculus or concretion. Amygdalon'cus {amygdala, tonsil, onkos, tumor). Swelling of the tonsil. Amygdalop'athy. Disease of the tonsil. Amygdalophenin'. A derivative of pyramido- phenol; a whitish, crystalline powder possessing antiarthritic properties; dose, gr. xv (1.0). Amygdalopleth'ora. Congestion of the tonsil. Amyg'dalotome (amygdala, tonsil, tome, incision). Tonsillotome, or instrument for cutting off part or whole of the tonsil. Amygdalot'omy. Excision of a portion of or incision into the tonsil. Amyg'dalus. The almond tree. See Amygdala. A. commu'nis, Prunus amygdalus, source of the official amygdala, which see. A. per'sica, com- mon peach tree. Leaves and flowers have been considered laxative; they are bitter and aromatic. The fruit, peach, is a pleasant and wholesome sum- mer fruit when ripe; the kernels, amygdalae persicae, as well as flowers, contain prussic acid. A. sati'va, A. communis. Amyg'mus (amysso, to scratch). Scarification. Am'ykos. Compound of boric acid and thymol; used as a wash in gonorrhoea and catarrhal condi- tions. Am'yl (amylum, starch, so called because first obtained from alcohol formed in the fermentation of starchy matter). C6HU. Hypothetical radical of homologous series, which includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. Several of its compounds have thera- peutic value. See also Amylum,. A. ac'etate, similar in its properties to nitrate and iodide, though weaker. A. al'cohol, fusel oil, see Alcohol. A. chlor'ide, a col- orless fluid, employed as an anaesthetic; too slow and profound in effects for ordinary practice. Hy'drate of a. or hy'drated ox'ide of a., fusel oil. A. hy'- dride or hy'druret, C5H12, hydramyl, pentane; a color- less, volatile liquid, said to be lightest known; pro- posed as an anaesthetic by Prof. J. Y. Simpson. Mixed with ether it may be employed in the form of spray as a local anaesthetic, but for inhalation it is danger- ous. A. i'odide is said to resemble amylic alcohol in its effects. An animal under its influence moves for some time in a circle, whether spontaneously or under excitation. It does not produce insensibility to pain. A. ni'trate, liquid derived from amylic alcohol. A. ni'trite, C5HHN02, amy] nitris (Ph. U. S. and Br.), inflammable, volatile, ethereal fluid, containing about 80 per cent, of pure amyl nitrite; has the odor of over-ripe pears, and is antiseptic; pro- duced by the action of nitrous acid on amylic alco- hol. It is readily absorbed by the mucous mem- branes and areolar tissue, producing immediately violent action of the heart. It dilates the capilla- ries and reduces arterial pressure by inducing vaso- motor paralysis. Consciousness is not destroyed by it. It must be inhaled in very small doses, three to five drops at a time. Its efficacy in angina pec- toris and respiratory neuroses is well established. It is also employed to cut short epileptic attacks and paroxysms of intermittent fever. It is an antidote to chloral and chloroform. Dose per os or hypodermically, TT\ss—ij (0.03-0.12). A. valerian- ate, C5Hn.C6H902, apple oil, iso-amyl-valerianate; a colorless, volatile liquid, prepared by the action of valerianic acid on amylic alcohol; a solvent of cholesterin and therefore recommended in the treat- ment of gallstones; dose, 17\i-v (0.06-0.3). Amyla'cea (amylum, starch). Starchy articles of diet. Amyla'ceous. Having the nature of or containing starch; starchy, starch-like. A. bod'ies, corpora amylacea. Amylam'ine. (CSH„)NH2. Colorless, poisonous liquid resulting from the action of potassa on cyanate of amyl. It is also formed during the fermentation of yeast, and is sometimes present in cod-liver oil. There are two other amylamines, differing from this in having one or two atoms less H. A. hydrochlo'- rate, C6HHNH2C1, soluble, crystalline salt, employed as an antiperiodic. Am'ylase. One of a group of enzymes having the power to convert starch into sugar, such as granulose, glucose, and maltase. Am'ylene. C5H10. A volatile liquid, prepared by distilling amylic alcohol with a concentrated solu- tion of chloride of zinc, sp. gr. 0.655 at 10° C; has been used as an anaesthetic, but in more dangerous than chloroform. A. chlo'ral, oily liquid resulting from the fusion of chloral and amylene hydrate; used as a hypnotic. A. gly'col, a. hydrate. A. hy'drate, C5Hi0 + H2O, dimethylethylcarbinol, tertiary amylic alcohol, is a clear, soluble, oily liquid, with a pene- trating, camphoraceous odor, sp. gr. 0.812, soluble in water and freely miscible with alcohol, glycerin, and oils; used as a hypnotic in doses of Ttlxv-3j (1.0-4.0). Amyleniza'tion. Producing anaesthesia by amyl- ene. Amyl'ic. Containing amyl. A. acid, C5H10O2. When amylic alcohol is acted upon by oxidizing agents it loses 2H and gains O; properties identical with valerianic acid. A. al'cohol, C8H120, fusel oil, see Alcohol. Amylin'. Starch cellulose. Amyl'ium chlo'ride. Amylamine hydrochlorate. A. nitro'sum, amyl nitrite. Am'ylocar'bol. An antiseptic soap made of car- bolic acid and amylic acid. Am'ylodextrin'. Erythrodextrin. Amyl'oform. A substitute for iodoform, made by the reaction of formaldehyde and starch; anti- septic. Amyl'ogen (amylon, starch, genesis, formation). Soluble starch. Am'yloid (amylon, starch, eidos, resemblance). Re- sembling starch; glycogen. A. bod'ies, see Corpora amylacea. A. degenera'tion or infiltra'tion, patho- logical condition in which a firm, waxy substance is present in the tissues, not responding to chemical agents and resisting putrefaction; it usually occurs in the abdominal organs; see Lardaceous. A. sub'- Stance, lardacein. Amyloido'sis. Amyloid degeneration. Am'yloids. Non-nitrogenous aliments—starch, sugar, and their allies. Amylol'ysis (amylon, starch, lysis, solution). Transformation of starch into glucose by decom- position of the former; to such ferment as the saliva or pancreatic juice the term amylolyt'ic is applied. Amyloni'trous e'ther. Amyl nitrite. A'myloplast. A starch-forming corpuscle. See Leucoplast. Amylopsin'. Ferment from pancreatic juice, re- sembling ptyalin, converting starch into sugar. Amylo'ses. Materials like starch; group includ- ing starch, dextrin, glycogen, cellulose, etc. Amylox'ydum nitro'sum. Amvl nitrite. Am'ylum. (Ph. U. S.) C6H10O5; Starch, starch of wheat, farina; fecula of seed of Triticum vulgare, in- odorous and insipid, white and friable; insoluble in cold water and alcohol, but forming with boiling water a strong, semitransparent jelly; demulcent. It is dusted on excoriated surfaces as an absorbent of irritating secretions. Free iodine is a delicate test for starch, giving a deep blue color when added to a solution containing it. Starch is met with abund- antly in all cereal grains, in the stalks of many palms, in some lichens, and in many tuberous roots. It is](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2117460x_0069.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
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