The surgery of oral diseases and malformations : their diagnosis and treatment / by George Van Ingen Brown.

  • Brown, George van Ingen, 1861-1948.
Date:
1912
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The surgery of oral diseases and malformations : their diagnosis and treatment / by George Van Ingen Brown. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    754/792 (page 708)
    ill health, and other demoralizing conditions, lack of or disar- . rangement of which causes marked change of voice in both speak- ing and singing. 2. Force of Movement.—This depends on the amount of stimulus sent to muscles, movements of which includes not only those directly involved, but also their antagonists. This requires an excess of effort over what might be expected, but when the inner- vations are properly coordinated this excess is not necessarily large and fatiguing. 3. Accuracy of Movement.—Inaccuracy of movement is a funda- mental source of inaccurate and wrong sounds. 4. Precision of Movement.—This refers to regularity and even- ness of execution and depends on nervous control. 5. Accuracy and Precision of Coordination.—This represents the nervous control over simultaneous muscular movements. Some forms of thick speech of alcoholic intoxication and incorrect adjustments during excitement are caused by defective coordin- ation in. speech effort. 6. Quickness of Response.—This is action of the nervous centres that tends to become automatic. One object in vocal training should be to render speech and song automatic. 7. Quickness of Muscular Movement.—This depends on both muscular and nervous quickness, and must be properly balanced; otherwise, speech appears labored or slurred. 8. Auditory Motor Control.—^The learning of speech sounds con- sists largely in forming connections between motor and auditory sensations. 9. Ideomotor Control.—Sounds occurring simultaneously with sights, touches, tastes, smells, emotion, act of will, etc., tend to be connected with them, so that when any one of a complex group occurs again, the others are revived more or less clearly in con- sciousness. It is in this way that speech movements become associated with printed letters. 10. General Volimtary Control.—This is subject to changes of nutrition, fatigue, emotion, and general habits, on all of which vocal control must ])lace its dependence. The author is indebted to Prof. Carberry, of the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, for the following suggestion, which has