Practical bacteriology, microbiology and serum therapy (medical and veterinary) : a text book for laboratory use / by A. Besson ; translated and adapted from the fifth French edition by H.J. Hutchens.

  • Besson, Albert, 1868-
Date:
1913
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Practical bacteriology, microbiology and serum therapy (medical and veterinary) : a text book for laboratory use / by A. Besson ; translated and adapted from the fifth French edition by H.J. Hutchens. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    856/928 (page 824)
    birds, pigeons, Indian crows, the chaffinches, the gold finches, Java sparrows (Padda oryzivora). The parasites are present in the blood and bone marrow. [Petrie found trypanosomes in several species of birds at Elstree in Hert- fordshire^—house martins, song thrushes, blackbirds, swallows, yellow- hammers. The trypanosomes were not found in the blood but only in the bone marrow.] The following description by Danilewsky revised by Laveran is applicable to the Trypanosoma avium [of the owl, Syrnium aluco]. The parasite is fusiform in shape and has an undulating membrane and an anterior flagellum. The cytoplasm stains deeply by Laveran’s method, so deeply that the tropho-nucleus and kineto-nucleus are only just visible. The trypanosome including the flagellum is about 33-45// long. Multiplication takes place by longitudinal fission. The trypanosome can live 5-8 days in blood kept aseptically in a pipette at a temperature of 22° C. Under these conditions Danilewsky has observed spherical bodies which divide and give rise to spherical amoeboid bodies each having a nucleus : these bodies become pyriform and a very motile flagellum appears at their anterior extremities (Trypanomonas, Danilewsky). After a certain lapse of time these new forms assume the characteristic appearances of the trypanosome. In addition to T. avium other trypanosomes are found in birds, e.g. trypano- somes of the type T. rotatorium of frogs, and long slender trypanosomes with no free flagellum. 10. Trypanosomes in cold blooded vertebrata. Trypanosomes have been found in Batrachians, reptiles and fish. Trypanosomes in frogs.—Many species of trypanosomes are found in frogs. The most widely distributed is Trypanosoma rotatorium (Undulina ranarum [Ray Lan- kester], Trypanosoma sanguinis [Gruby]) which has been studied by Gliige, Danilew- sk}r, Mayer, Gruby, Chalachnikow, Ray Lankester and others. It is found, especially in summer, in Rana esculent a, R. viridis, Hyla viridis, Bufo vulgaris, etc. T. rotatorium varies much in size and shape. There is a flat form enrolled on itself; a simple flat form, membranous, very active; pectinated forms either fan-shaped or in the form of a cornucopia, etc. In length it varies from 40-60/». and even 75//, and in width from 5-40//. It is the largest of all the known trypano- somes (Laveran and Mesnil). The cytoplasm contains a nucleus and a centrosome always situated close together, the nucleus being anterior to the centrosome. The undulating membrane is very much folded and its free border is continued anteriorly as the flagellum. Trypanosomes in Fish.—Trypanosomes were discovered in fish by Valentin in the blood of [a trout] Salmo fario, and they have since been found by Remak, Mitro- phanow, Danilewsky, Ghalachnikow, Lingard and others in [a loach] Cobitis fossilis, [the Prussian carp] Carassius vulgaris, [carp] Cyprinus car pis, Perea fluvialitis, and other fish. Laveran and Mesnil have found Trypanosomes in sea fish : [ray] Raja punctata, R. mosaica ; [small dog-fish] Bcyllium canicula, and [large dogfish] Sc. stellate; [sole] Solea vulgaris.