Practical bacteriology, microbiology and serum therapy (medical and veterinary) : a text book for laboratory use / by A. Besson ; translated and adapted from the fifth French edition by H.J. Hutchens.
- Besson, Albert, 1868-
- Date:
- 1913
Licence: In copyright
Credit: Practical bacteriology, microbiology and serum therapy (medical and veterinary) : a text book for laboratory use / by A. Besson ; translated and adapted from the fifth French edition by H.J. Hutchens. Source: Wellcome Collection.
872/928 (page 840)
![the filtrate when it is kept at 20° C., bnt will not grow in ordinary broth. The filtrate as the result of the multiplication of these organisms becomes slightly opalescent. Under similar conditions, the filtrate occasionally contains certain structures which Borrel regards as belonging to the Protozoa and to which he has given the name Micromonas mesnili. With the object of protecting sheep against sheep-pox the animals are immunized by infecting them with a mild form of the disease. Vaccination [or clavelization] is effected by inoculating a small quantity of lymph from the pustules with a lancet on the tail or on the internal surface of the ear. The inoculation is not without danger : some of the animals die (1-10 per cent.). Borrel hyper-immunized sheep which had recovered from sheep- pox by inoculating them on several occasions with lymph from the inoculation pustule, and obtained a serum which had prophylactic and therapeutic properties : the inoculation of 10-20 c.c. of this serum has arrested the mortality in flocks exposed to infection. “Infectious epithelioses.” Borrel has introduced the term “ infectious epithelioses ” to denote a number of diseases having a special affinity for the epithelial tissues and caused by “ filter- passing organisms ” : sheep-pox, cow-pox, foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, epithelioma contagiosum of fowls and molluscum contagiosum. In sheep-pox there is always present a characteristic and specific element, the sheep-pox cell, having a vacuolated nucleus with pseudo-parasitic inclusions (due probably to the penetra- tion of poly-morpho-nuclear cells which in these cells undergo a process of degenera- tion) . wherever the virus settles it produces a proliferation of the epithelial tissues, and (in the liver, kidney and lung) epithelial growths which develop at the expense of the pre-existing cells of the part. There can be no doubt but that these changes bear a considerable resemblance to the evolution of cancer growths, so that the hypothesis might be put forward that the cancer virus enters into the category of filter-passing organisms. This is merely an hypothesis, and it must be noted, as Borrel says, that the metastases of sheep-pox are absolutely different from cancer metastases : for example, the metastases in the lung in the former case represent a proliferation of pre-existing cells, while cancer metastases are produced by a graft in the lung of cancer cells from the original tumour. SECTION VII.—THE VIRUS OF COW POX. [ Variola vaccinia. ] If the fresh exudate from the vesicles of an heifer suffering from cow pox be rubbed up with 10-12 times its weight of water and filtered through a Berkefeld V bougie a filtrate is obtained which according to many investigators has proved to be infective. The virulence is only manifested if before filtration the lymph is left to macerate for a long time in sterile water (Carini, Negri). The first emulsion of lymph is left in the ice chest for 2 or 3 days then rubbed up and replaced in the ice chest for a fortnight. It is not until now that the product is filtered, first through wool then through paper and finally through a Berkefeld bougie. Negri soaked up the filtrate on a small piece of sterile absorbent wool and placed it on the cornea of a rabbit (which had been previously scarified) for about 10 hours. A typical pustule developed the contents of which were infective and produced similar effects on the cornea; of other rabbits in series, and on the skin of a calf. With a similar filtrate Remlinger and Osman Nouri have been able to produce^a typical vaccinal eruption on the shaved skin of guinea-pigs and rabbits. In these investigations, the inoculations should be performed on a number of animals : for the virus is partially retained by the bougie, and the filtrate is conse- quently not highly infective (p. 836). The filtrate inoculated beneath the skin of a susceptible animal immunizes](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b28133602_0872.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
