Kalm's account of his visit to England : on his way to America in 1748 / translated by Joseph Lucas ; with two maps and several illustrations.

  • Pehr Kalm
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Kalm's account of his visit to England : on his way to America in 1748 / translated by Joseph Lucas ; with two maps and several illustrations. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    152/520 page 128
    Corylus, 787 [C. Avellana] Hazel. Primula Veris, 161, Primrose. Chelidonium Minus, 460 [Ranunculus Ficaria]. The gth March, 1748. Häckar, hedges, were planted around all ploughed fields, meadows, and pastures, gardens and kitchen-gardens, and often around the ordinary courtyards and farmyards. Instead of a plank-fence, plank, round the fields, meadows, and pastures, they had first of all dug a ditch and cast up the earth on the bank of the ditch. In this banked-up earth there were afterwards planted small shoots, either of hawthorn [Cratoegus Oxyacantha], blackberry-bushes, 40g, or dogrose, 406, Törne, mixed together. The hedges especially consisted most of hawthorn with blackberries and dogroses, interspersed here and there. The hawthorn was five times as numerous as the other two put together, if not more, and the blackberry bushes quite three times as many as the dogrose. At first, as long as these shoots were still small, they had set up beside them a dead fence, en död häck, which was a kind of gärdesgård, in which the twigs of the afore-named thorny bushes were instead of a fence, stängsel. Before the gärdesgård, or dead fence, had become old, the planted trees were already so grown up, that they could afterwards fence off all cattle and completely fulfil their office. [T. 1. p. 154.] The height of these hedges was com- inonly 6 feet, g feet, and sometimes 12 feet; sometimes also only 3 or 4 feet. The thickness was from 2 feet to 6 feet or more. In these hedges accidents such as wind, birds, mice, &c., have afterwards planted several other trees, as oaks and ashes ; Hornbeams 786 [Carpinus Betulus], Afvenbokar; Fläder, 250 [Sambucus Nigra], Elder; Elins 21g; Agrifolium (Raj. Syn. 466) [Holly] Ivy, igo, and other leaf-trees.
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