Kalm's account of his visit to England : on his way to America in 1748 / translated by Joseph Lucas ; with two maps and several illustrations.

  • Pehr Kalm
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Kalm's account of his visit to England : on his way to America in 1748 / translated by Joseph Lucas ; with two maps and several illustrations. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    189/520 page 165
    the hills there consisted of the recently namecl brick- colored clay, coarse sand, and Pebblestones. For [T. I. p. 357] cultivating the fields there were used here the plough, harrow, roller, spade, etc. These ploughs, Plog, were nearly like the Essex Plough, which in some things resembles the Hertfordshire [Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire ; Kalm had forgotten the county] foot plough but has a broader ploughshare, bill, and no foot; the mould-board, vänd-brädet, is also better placed. Only one person used the Hertfordshire single wheel plough. The harrows, roller, and spade, exactly resembled those we have in Sweden. They used also here, while harrowing, to fasten sometimes three or more harrows side by side, as has been before described in Hertfordshire. The wheat is mostly sown here in Six- bout-lands but sometimes also in the manner practised in Hertfordshire in stitches or two-bout-lands or as it is called four-thorough-land. The breadth of a six-bout-land was commonly 6 ells (12 feet) sometimes less. The water-furrows between these “lands” were 18 inches wide at top, their depth often nearly a foot. These six-bout-lands sloped somewhat 011 both sides at the ends. In the lowest part the land was designedly made sloping that the water might soon run away. The wheat on all these places stood very beautiful. In some places there were still more, in other places less, than six bout-land, according as the soil of the fields was wetter or drier. Barley, Korn, was sown here very little, and that all in broadland. Pease were sown in drill, 18 inches or 2 feet between every drill or row, and were mostly hoed, hoades, in between, when they drew up the mould witli small hoes, hackor, on to their roots. Oats are sown here enough, and that all in broad- land. Potatoes were much planted here by some, and that commonly on a certain piece of the field. The
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