Notes on the Caddo / by Elsie Clews Parsons.

  • Elsie Clews Parsons
Date:
[1941]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes on the Caddo / by Elsie Clews Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    11/84 page 9
    Between the northern division and the southern there appears evidence of dialectical distinction. Gaduda'Hcu (R.), which is “the strongest lan¬ guage,” prevails in the north, although most of the Fort Cobb people also speak it. Similarly, although ha'ine’ (R.) is spoken in the north and one of the northern family localities is called naha'ine’, the centre of ha'ine’ is in the south. Now and again a nacidu'c (R.) word or a ha'ic (R.) word will be used. Of other dialectical divisions,6 “perhaps two,”7 White Moon had forgotten the names.8 The Caddo term for such divisions is kuosho'dacha, meaning lots of people living, e.g. naha'ine’ kuosho'dacha, lots of people living at ha'ine\ Hasi'ne (R.) is the form White Moon and Ingkanish give for the tribal name.9 Between the two Caddo divisions considerable land is held by Whites, and there are in the County several White towns, Lookeba, Binger (nabinka) and Gracemont, the two latter each with a population of almost two thou¬ sand, and in the south Anadarko with six thousand. A few Caddo live in these White towns—in Anadarko there may be from fifteen to twenty. Between the two Caddo divisions, from Gracemont to Anadarko, live also the intermarrying Wichita and Kichai, who number about 300. South of the Washita River10 live the Comanche (so’ta). East and west and south¬ west of Anadarko live the Kiowa (ka(hiwa) and Apache (ishikwita’) once 6 Twelve divisions were recorded by Mooney in 1896: Kd'dohddd'cho, Nddd'ko (Ana¬ darko), Hai'nai, Nd'baidd'cho, Nd'kohodo'tsi, Ndshi'tosh, Yd'tasi, Hddai i, (Hai ish, Nd ka - na'wan, I'maha (Kwapa), Yowa'ni (Choctaw). (The Ghost-Dance Religion, 1092-1093). Cp. Sibley, 95-96. Pardon referred to a “lost tribe” tradition. A band of Caddo went buffalo hunting to the west and never returned. Ingkanish said that some hainai went to California. Dr. Voegelin was told in 1935 by an Absentee Shawnee that about 1824-40 there were on a reservation forty miles from Austin, Texas (then Mexico) together with the Shawnee, Delaware (present Anadarko group), Wichita, Kichai, Creeks, altogether representatives from twenty-two tribes, among them Caddo, Ainai Caddo, and a Caddo group called Wikos. (Shawnee Field Notes). 7 Said probably to complete the preferred number. See p. 45. 8 Yaoa'si’ (R.) was subsequently recalled, likewise, uncertainly, nadako (Anadarko). Ingkanish knew only of hainai and nadarko of whom there are few, one or two. Pardon men¬ tioned: K add oho da'cho (Jiada'cho, it hurts!), hainai, nadarko, na'sitush, yatasi, haiish all mixed today,” and he did not know the group affiliation of anybody. For references to Quapaiv, see pp. 52, 53 to Choctaw (sha‘ta), see pp. 26, 28. 9 Hasi'nai is translated “our own folk,” in the Handbook. Xasine has also been given as a division or band term (Spier, 258). Spier mentions also kadohadatc, hainai, anadark . 10 “Boundary River,” to the north live the Caddo, Wichita, and Delaware; to the south, the Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, and Comanche.
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