Text-book of botany : morphological and physiological / by Julius Sachs ; translated and annotated by Alfred W. Bennett ; assisted by W.T. Thiselton Dyer.
- Date:
- 1875
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Text-book of botany : morphological and physiological / by Julius Sachs ; translated and annotated by Alfred W. Bennett ; assisted by W.T. Thiselton Dyer. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
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![take place between plants which are specifically distinct. A union of this kind is called Hybridisation, and its product a Hybrid. According as the union takes place between different varieties of one species, different species of one genus, or be- tween two species belonging to different genera, the resulting hybrid may be termed a variety-hybrid, species-hybrid, or genus-hybrid. Among Cryptogams only a few instances of hybridisation are known with certainty. Thuret (Ann. des sci. nat., 1855) obtained hybrid plants by bringing spermatozoids of Fucus serratus into contact with oospheres of F. vesiculosus. In some other families of Cryptogams forms have been found which have been sup- posed, from their characters, to have a hybrid origin. Thus A. Braun (Verjtingung, p.329) adduces instances of hybrids between Mosses1, Physcomilrium pyriforme and Funaria hygrometrica, and between Physcomitrium fasciculare and Funaria hygro- tnelrica, and between the following species of Ferns—Gymnogramme chrysophylla and G. calomel ana, G. chrysophylla and G. dis tans, and Aspidium Filix-mas and A. spinulosum2. The most important observations from a scientific point of view, which have given us the clearest insight into the nature of the difference of sex, are however those made on hybrids between flowering plants, resulting from the artificial convey- ance of pollen from one species to another. Nageli has collected the results of many thousand experiments on hybridisation made by Kolreuter in the last century, and more recently by Knight, Gartner, Herbert, Wichura, and other observers. The following facts are taken chiefly from Nageli’s resumP. Only those forms which are closely related genetically can produce hybrids. They are formed most easily between different varieties of the same species; with greater difficulty—but are still possible in a great number of cases—between two species of the same genus ; of hybrids between species which belong to different genera only a very few instances are known, and it is probable that in these cases the species ought to be included in the same genus. The facility with which hy- brids can be produced varies extremely in different orders, families, and genera of Angiosperms. The phenomenon is frequent among Liliacese, Iridese, Nyctagineae, Lobeliacese, Solanacese, Scrophulariaceae, Gesneraceae, Primulaceae, Ericaceae, Ranun- culaceae, Passifloraceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, Geraniaceae, (Enothe- reae, Rosaceae, and Salicineae. It does not occur at all, or only very exceptionally, in Gramineae, Urticaceae, Labiate4, Convolvulaceae, Polemoniaceae, Grossulariaceae, Papaveraceae, Cruciferae, Hypericineae, and Papilionaceae. Even genera of the same order or family differ in this respect. Among Caryophyllaceae, the species of Dianthus hybridise easily, those of Silene only with difficulty; among Solanaceae, the species of Nicotiana and Datura have a tendency to produce hybrids, while those of Solanum, Phvsalis, and Nycandra have not; among Scrophulariaceae, . 1 [See also H. Philibert, L’Hybridation dans les Mousses (Grimmia) Ann. des sci. nat. 1873, vol. XVII, p. 225.—Ed.] 2 [See also T. Moore on Adiantum farleyense, Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. new series, I, p. 83 ; Berkeley on Asplenium ebenoides, Scott, ibid. p. 137.—Ed.] 3 Nageli, Sitzungsber. der kais. bayer. Akad. der Wiss. in Miinchen, Dec. 23, 1865, and Jan. 13, 1866. ' [Stachys ambigua Sm. is considered to be a hybrid between S. sylvatica and S. palustris—Ed.] 3 G](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21981437_0833.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
