Notes on the Naolpȧkhyȧnam, or Tale of Nala, for the use of classical students / [John Peile].

  • Peile, John.
Date:
1881
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Notes on the Naolpȧkhyȧnam, or Tale of Nala, for the use of classical students / [John Peile]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    and Latin. Traces of them (but not satisfactory ones, see below at page 5) are to be seen, though very rarely, in derivative words; as in l3a.Tpa^oiivofjLa)(^La = ‘frog-mouse-fighting’ (where the firat two bases form a Dvandva); also in Latin in the derivative ‘suove- taurilia,’ formed from the triple compound base ‘su-ovi-tauro’-h the sutfix -Hi. One undoubted example is the famous dish-compound beginning A€7ra8oTeyaa;^ocreAa;(oyaAfo... in Aristophanes, Eccl. 11G9: but this is obviously a tour-de-force and alien to the genius of the language. II. Dependent Compounds. Here we no longer find two or more bases logically coordinate; we find one base expressing an idea subordinate to another, or a base combined with some preposition or indeclinable wox'd, modifying its meaning. The diflFerent classes of this kind distinguished by Sanskrit grammarians are three, called respectively, Tat-purusha, Bahu-vrihi, and Avyayl-bhava: but, as the Tat-purusha compounds are subdivided into three classes, Tat-purusha proper, Karma-dhiiraya, and Dvigu, we may consider the whole number five. The names generally exemplify the nature of the compounds. (1) Tat-purusha is ‘the man of him,’ i.e. a compound in which the fimt member stands as a case to the other, here as a genitive. Such are Virasena-sxxta, i 1, satya^vadm (truth-speaker), i 3, kha- gama (goer in the sky), i 24, &c. (2) Karma-dharaya (i.e. ‘object-comprehending’) is a compound in which the first member would stand to the second (were the two expressed syntactically) as an adjective or appositional substantive, e.g. vara-nari (excellent woman), i 4, nara-gardula (man that is a tiger), i 15, where however the determining base comes last, see note, a. 1. (3) Dvigu (‘two-cow’) is the name of compounds where the first member is a numeral; this class is really only a .subdivision of the Kai'ma-dharaya. It is nearly always neuter. So far these compounds have agreed in this, that they express a complete idea, some person or thing. (4) The next class (Bahu-vrihi) diflfers in that a compound of this sort is no longer a substantive, but is used as an attribute of some other person or thing. Thus ayata-locana (i 13) would mean as a Karma-dharaya ‘a long eye;’ but it is there (and regularly) used as a Bahu-vrihi, ‘long-eyed,’ an attribute of some person. The name Bahu- vrihi is itself an instance: it means ‘much rice’—but is actually used as an attribute of land ‘having much rice.’ Just as a Bahu- 1—2
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