The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas : partly based upon the twenty-eighth edition of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries 15,000 formulas / edited by Albert A. Hopkins.
- Albert A. Hopkins
- Date:
- 1910
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas : partly based upon the twenty-eighth edition of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries 15,000 formulas / edited by Albert A. Hopkins. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![CHAPTER III ALLOYS ATSTD AMALGAMS This subject is elaborately indexed, and the reader should consult the Index in all cases. Solders form the subject of a special chapter. BRIEF SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION ON AL- LOYS ALUMINUM ALLOYS BISMUTH AND CADMIUM ALLOYS FUSIBLE ALLOYS COPPER ALLOYS GERMAN SILVER BELL METAL BRONZE GUN METAL SPECULUM METALS BEARING METALS BRASS GOLD ALLOYS IMITATION GOLD IRON ALLOYS LEAD ALLOYS MANGANESE ALLOYS PLATINUM ALLOYS SILVER ALLOYS SILVER SUBSTITUTES TIN ALLOYS BEARING METALS BABBITT METAL WHITE METAL BRITANNIA METAL TIN SUBSTITUTES TYPE METAL TUNGSTEN ALLOYS ZINC ALLOYS MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS AMALGAMS GENERAL INFORMATION ON ALLOYS An alloy is a combination of two or more metals. It is now largely believed that the metals form combinations rather than mixtures, though one of the best metallurgists in England called his book on alloys “Mixed Metals.” Hiorn’s defi¬ nition of an alloy, from “Mixed Metals,” is given below : “Nature of Alloys.—When two or more metals are caused permanently to unite, the resulting mixture is termed an alloy. When mercury is an essential constitu¬ ent, the mixture is termed an amalgam. The general method of effecting combina¬ tion is by the agency of heat, but with certain soft metals true alloys may be formed by subjecting the constituents to considerable pressure, even at the ordi¬ nary temperature. Alloys such as those briefly referred to were doubtless first dis¬ covered by the metallurgical treatment of mixed ores, from the simultaneous reduc¬ tion of which alloys would be formed; or, in some cases, as in ores of gold and silver, naturally formed alloys would be obtained by a simple melting process. The direct preparation of alloys by the simple melting together of the constituent metals has been enormously developed in modern times, and the attention which mixed metals are now receiving by chem¬ ists is far greater than in any period of history. Comparatively few of the metals possess properties such as render them suitable to be employed alone by the man¬ ufacturer; but most of them have im¬ portant applications in the form of alloys. Even among the metals which can be used independently, it is often found expedi¬ ent to add portions of other metals to im¬ prove or otherwise modify their physical properties. Thus gold is hardened, and made to resist wear and tear, as well as to lower its cost, by the addition of cop¬ per ; silver is likewise hardened by alloy¬ ing it with copper; and the bronze coin- Always consult the Index when using this book. [61]](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b31361523_0075.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
