The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas : partly based upon the twenty-eighth edition of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries 15,000 formulas / edited by Albert A. Hopkins.

  • Albert A. Hopkins
Date:
1910
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas : partly based upon the twenty-eighth edition of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries 15,000 formulas / edited by Albert A. Hopkins. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    (Copper Alloys) siderable strength and hardness. With an increase in the quantity of the iron the hardness increases, but the solidity is less¬ ened. A copper and iron alloy of con¬ siderable strength, and at the same time very hard, is made of 66 parts of copper and 34 parts of iron. These alloys ac¬ quire, on exposure to air, an ugly color inclining toward black, and are, therefore, not adapted for articles of art. Copper-Cobalt. Sun-bronze.—The alloy called sun-bronze contains 10% of aluminum, 30 or 40% of copper, and 40% of cobalt. It melts at a point approaching the melting point of copper, is tenacious, ductile, and very hard. Copper-Lead. Cock Metal.—Copper, 20 lb.; lead, 8 lb.; litharge, 1 oz. ; antimony, 3 oz. Mira Metal, Acid-proof.—This alloy is characterized by its power of resisting the action of acids, and is, therefore, es¬ pecially adapted to making cocks, pipes, etc., which are to come in contact with acid fluids. It is composed of copper, zinc, lead, tin, iron, nickel, cobalt and antimony, in the following proportions: Copper, 74.755 ; zinc, 0.615 ; lead, 16.350 ; tin, 0.910; iron, 0.430; nickel and cobalt, each 0.240 ; antimony, 6.785. Pot Metal.-—This is an alloy of copper and lead, in the proportion of 8 parts of copper to 3 parts of lead. The lead is an impurity in the zinc used for making the brass. Pot metal is very brittle when warmed; it is chiefly used for making- large vessels. Lead. Copper. Description. 2 oz. 1 lb. Red ductile alloy. 4 oz. 1 lb. Red ductile alloy. 6 oz. 1 lb. Dry pot metal or cock alloy. 7 oz. 1 lb. Same, but shorter. 8 oz. 1 lb. Wet pot metal. Copper-Nickel. Aphtite.—Iron, 66; nickel, 23; wol¬ fram, 4; copper, 5. Argasoid.—1.—Copper, 55.78 ; zinc, 23.198; nickel, 13.406; tin, 4.035; lead, 3.544. Silver white, almost ductile; suit¬ ed for artistic purposes. 2.—A new alloy, called “argasoid,” re¬ cently described by Mr. V. Jeuptner, of Vienna, has been used as a substitute for silver. Its cost is said to be about 50% more than brass. Its chemical composi¬ tion is as follows: Tin, 4.035; lead, 3.544 ; copper, 55.780 ; nickel, 13.406 ; zinc, 23.198; iron, trace. (German Silver) . Argentan, White.—Zinc, 70 parts; copper, 15 parts; nickel, 6 parts. Argiroide.—Variety of German silver. Usually plated. Baudoin’s Alloy.—Copper, 72% ; nickel, 16.6% ; cobalt, 1.8% ; tin, 2.5% ; zinc, 7.1%. About V2% of aluminum may also be added. Birmingham Platinum. — Birmingham platinum, also called platinum-lead, is composed of copper and zinc, in propor¬ tions here given: I. II. III. Copper. 46.5 43 20 Zinc . 53.5 57 80 It i§ of a pure, nearly silver-white color, which remains unchanged by the air for some time. Unfortunately, it is so brit¬ tle that it can hardly be shaped in any way except by casting. Buttons are made of it by casting in metal molds which give sharp impressions, and the design is afterward brought out more clearly by careful pressing. Buttons, Metals for.—Guettier’s : I. II. III. Brass (copper 297, zinc 93) 372 372 372 Zinc . 62 47 140 Tin. 31 47 ... Silver-colored metals of three qualities —best, medium and poor. Other alloys are: Birmingham platinum, copper 43, zinc 57; Forbes’s metal, copper 46.5, zinc 53.5; Ludenscheid button metal, copper 20, zinc 80; bath metal, copper 18, zinc 21; Parsons’s white metal, copper 55, zinc 45. Chinese White Copper.—Copper, 40 parts; nickel, 32 parts; zinc, 25 parts; iron, 3 parts. Clark's Patent Alloy.—Copper, 75% ; nickel, 14.5% ; zinc, 7.5% ; tin, 1.5% ; co¬ balt, 1.5%. Electrum.—Nickel, 8 parts; copper, 16 parts ; zinc, 7 parts. Ferro-Argentan.—Copper, 70% ; nickel, 20% ; zinc, 5.5% ; cadmium, 4.5%. Re¬ sembles silver; worked like German silver. German Silver.—Albata, argentan, elec¬ trum, nickel silver, tutenag, Virginian plate, white copper. A well-known alloy, the finer varieties of which nearly equal silver in whiteness and susceptibility of receiving a high polish, while they sur¬ pass it in hardness and durability. The following formulae are from the highest authorities: 1.—Copper, 50 parts ; nickel, 20 parts ; zinc, 30 parts. Very malleable, and takes a high polish. [79]
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