Volume 1

Herodotus : the fourth, fifth, and sixth books / With introduction, notes, appendices, indices, maps by Reginald Walter Macan.

Herodotus

Date:: 1895

Credit: Herodotus : the fourth, fifth, and sixth books / With introduction, notes, appendices, indices, maps by Reginald Walter Macan. Source: Wellcome Collection.

496/528 (page 368)

$VI 5 eSiSocrav' 6 Be Be/c6fievo<i ovtl kco avfx^oX^v eVoteero, irpiv ye B^ 111 avTov TrpvTavrjLT} eyevero. w? 8e e? iKelvov ireptriXOe, ivOavra B^ erdacrovTo wBe oi A.drjva2oL to? avpi^aXeovTe<;' rov p-ev Be^Lov Kepeo<i 7]yeero o iroXepap'yo'^ KaXX/yu,a^09 • o yap vopo^ rore ovTco TOLCTL A.6r]valoi(Ti, rov 7ToXepap<^ov e'^euv Kepa<i to Be^iov 5 '^yeophov Be rovrov i^eBcKovro o)? dpiOpeovro at cf)vXal exopevat in question. The attempt (Lugebil, Z. Geschichte d. Staatsverf. v. Athen, ii. § 17) to show that, in the time of the ten Phylae, Lakiadai may have belonged to the Aiantis, is disproved by G.I.A. ii. 868, p. 340, where that deme be- longs to the Oineis in 01. 105. 1 = 360- 59 n.o. From another inscription, G.I.A. i. 179, it appears that Lake- daimonios (grandson of Miltiades) be- longed to Lakiadai, 433-2 b.o. But, is it absolutely certain that Miltiades in 490 B.c. must have been ‘settled’ in Lakiadai, or, even if so settled, could under no circumstances have com- manded any other Phyle ? The Aiantis is recorded to have occupied the right wing, at the battle of Marathon, upon the authority of Aischylos (X'pud Plu- tarch, Quaest. Gonv. 1. 10 = Moral. 628, cp. Appendix X. § 27. The Philaid Miltiades would have had special claims upon the Aiantis, named after his heroic ancestor : is it certain that he was not in command of that Phyle ? (The deme, Philaidai, by the way, belonged to the Aigeis.) Any- way, whatever Phyle Miltiades com- manded, whatever Phyle stood on the right wing, beside the Polemarch at Marathon, the word irpvrav'ql'q may have been used correctly here, even if Herodotus erroneously took it to mean ‘ supreme command. ’ Whether, after the reform of the PolemarcMa, the supremacy in the college of Strategi, in the absence of a special psephism or enactment, rotated daily, is a moot question, cp. Plutarch, l.c. supra, Diodoros 13. 97 (Arginusae), 13. 106 (Aigos-potami). See further. Appendix IX. § 14. 111. 3. T|-y€€TO . . cannot mean merely that the Polemarch stood as extreme man upon the right wing. Perhaps he stood there, but in a posi- tion of supreme authority. Lugebil, op. cit. §§ 12 ff., has shown that such was the general rule in Greek armies, but his further argument to show that Hdt. clearly understood the Polemarch at Marathon to have been commander- in-chief is unacceptable: cp. previous note, and Appendix X. § 5. 5. €^€8€kovto ws dpi0fi£ovTo at (}>vXat. Plutarch, Mor. 628, asserts that Kalli- machos belonged to the Aiantis, and assuming that the Polemarch’s Phyle stood beside the Polemarch, Stein ^ (1874) proposed to read at &\\ai <pv\al, following Valla’s ceterae tribus. This merges the Phyle in the Polemarch, and implies that the Aiantis stood on the right, and stood there irrespective of the irpyraveLa. Hdt. says at (f>v\al, i.e. the Phylae, without exception, stood from right to left ws apid/jdavro: i.e. as generally understood ‘according to the allotted order for the succession of prytanies for the year,’ an order which changed every year. The Aiantis stood right as the irporaveiovaa (pvXy (so Rawlinson). Stein assuming that Miltiades was in command of the Oineis, and that diKaros means last (instead of first) puts Oineis next the Plataians. In that case Miltiades might have commanded or led the whole left wing, and we might find the TTpiravis on the left, and the yysyuv on the right. But this combination is not trustworthy, cp. c. 103 supra^ Stein® (1882) now argues that, as Hdt. did not -write al AXXai <pv\al, he must have been ignorant of the tradi- tion that the Aiantis was on the right wing. He regards the tradition as itself untrustworthy; hut it has the authority of Aischylos, cp. note supra. As above pointed out it was a coinci- dence, or an omen, perhaps contrived, that the Aiantis (to which the neigh- bouring Demi and the Polemarch be- longed, and which Miltiades, perhaps, commanded) was on the right. Our conception of the actual order in which the Phylae, or tribes, stood on the day of battle, turns largely on the meaning of the words ws apidyiovTO. Lugebil, op. cit. § 18, has argued that the words refer to the fixed and official order of the Phylae: the imperfect is$